Pattern Formation in a Cross-Diffusive Ratio-Dependent Predator-Prey Model

Figure 4

Dynamical behaviors of model (2.5) with the parameters: 𝛼=2.5, 𝛽=1.3, 𝛾=1.1, 𝑑₁₁=0.7, 𝑑₁₂=0.05, 𝑑₂₁=0.01, 𝑑₂₂=1 at 𝑡=2000. (a) Spiral pattern. (b) Time-series plots.

(a)

(b)