Abstract
We study the lattice dynamical system of a nonlinear Boussinesq equation. We first verify the Lipschitz continuity of the continuous semigroup associated with the system. Then, we provide an estimation of the tail of the difference between two solutions of the system. Finally, we obtain the existence of an exponential attractor of the system.
1. Introduction
Lattice dynamical systems (LDSs) have a wide range of applications in many areas such as electrical engineering, chemical reaction theory, laser systems, material science, and biology [1, 2]. In recent years, many works about the asymptotic behavior of LDSs have been done, which include the global attractor, see [3–11] and the references therein. However, the global attractor sometimes attracts orbits at a relatively slow speed and it might take an unexpected long time to be reached. For this reason, the exponential attractor having finite fractal dimension and attracting all bounded sets exponentially was introduced, and it has been studied for a large class of LDSs, see [12–15] and the references therein. Han presented in [13] some sufficient conditions for the existence of exponential attractor for LDSs in the weighted space of infinite sequences and applied the result to obtain the existence of exponential attractors for some LDSs. Zhou and Han in [15] presented some sufficient conditions for the existence of uniform exponential attractor for LDSs, which is easier to verify the existence of exponential attractor for some LDSs. Abdallah in [3] considered the following initial problem of lattice system of nonlinear Boussinesq equation: where , , , and are positive constants, is a real constant; for , ; and , , , and are linear operators (see Section 3 for details). Equation (1) can be regarded as a spatial discretization of the following nonlinear damped Boussinesq equation on : which appears in many fields of physics and mechanics, for example, long waves in shallow water, nonlinear elastic beam systems, thermomechanical phase transitions, and some Hamiltonian mechanics. Abdallah has in [3] investigated the existence and finite-dimensional approximation of the global attractor for (1) under the following conditions: In this paper, motivated by the ideas of [13, 15], we will further prove the existence of an exponential attractor for the system (1) under the condition (4).
The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we present some preliminaries. Section 3 is devoted to the existence of an exponential attractor for (1).
2. Preliminaries
In this section, we present the definition of an exponential attractor and some sufficient conditions for the existence of an exponential attractor for a semigroup in a separable Hilbert space from [13, 15].
Let be a separable Hilbert space, let be a bounded subset of , and let be a semigroup acting on which satisfy: , , for all , , and for , where is the identity operator on .
Definition 1. A set is called an exponential attractor for the semigroup on , if(i) is compact; (ii), where is the global attractor; (iii), ;(iv) has a finite fractal dimension; (v)there exist two positive constants and such that dist for all , .
Let be a -dimensional subspace of . We define the bounded -dimensional orthogonal projection from into and .
As a direct consequence of [13, Theorem 2.5] and [15, Theorem 2.1], we have the following theorem.
Theorem 2. Let be a continuous semigroup on and let be a closed bounded subset of such that , for . If there exist , a constant and a -dimensional subspace of such that for any ,, Then, (i) has an exponential attractor on with , where is a constant; (ii) is an exponential attractor for on that , and there exist two positive constants and such that for all , .
3. Exponential Attractor for System (1)
Let and equip it with the inner product and norm as Then, is a separable Hilbert space. The linear operators , , , and are defined from into as follows: for any , then, , .
The system (1) with initial data (2) is equivalent to the following vector form: where , , , , .
Letting then, the system (8) can be written as the following initial value problem: where We define Then, the bilinear form is an inner product on and the induced norm is equivalent to . Let and let , then, is a separable Hilbert space with the following norm:
In this section, we will study the existence of an exponential attractor of (10) in the space .
Lemma 3 (see [3]). Assume (4) holds. Then, there exist small and , such that Moreover,(1) for any initial data , there exists a unique solution of (10), such that , and the solution map generates a continuous semigroup on .(2) The semigroup possesses a closed bounded absorbing ball , where , , , . Therefore, there exists a constant such that , for .(3) For any , there exist and such that the solution of (10) with satisfies (4) The semigroup of (10) possesses a global attractor .
In the following, we first verify the Lipschitz continuity of and provide an estimation of the tail of the difference between two solutions of (10). Then, we obtain the existence of an exponential attractor of (10) by Theorem 2.
For , , , let be the solutions of (10). Set = = = , we have by (10) that
Lemma 4. Assume that (4) and (14) hold. Let Then, (1)(2) There exist and , such that where
Proof. (1) Taking the inner product of (17) with , we obtain
We can write (22) into the following form:
where
Then,
Since
thus,
From (23), (25), and (27), it follows that for ,
Applying Gronwall’s inequality to (28), we obtain
Since
From (29) to (31), it follows that for ,
(2) Choosing a smooth increasing function satisfies
where is a positive constant. For , let , , , where . Taking the inner product of (17) with , we obtain
Similar to (4.3)–(4.5) in [3], we can get
where
Then,
By (3) of Lemma 3, there exist , , such that
This implies that
Then, for , ,
Since
where . From (32), (35), (37), and (40)-(41), it follows that for , ,
where . Applying Gronwall’s inequality to (42) from to , where , we obtain that for ,
Similar to (30), we can get
Since
By (31)-(32), we obtain
From (43) to (46), it follows that for , ,
Letting
we then have
As a direct consequence of (1)-(2), (4) of Lemma 3, (1)-(2) of Lemma 4 and Theorem 2, we have our main result.
Theorem 5. Assume that (4) and (14) hold. Then, the semigroup of (10) possesses an exponential attractor on with (i) is compact; (ii) , where is the global attractor; (iii) has a finite fractal dimension , where is a constant and and are as in (48); and (iv) there exist two positive constants and such that for all .
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article.
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant no. 11071165 and Zhejiang Normal University (ZC304011068).