Hopf Bifurcation Analysis for a Stochastic Discrete-Time Hyperchaotic System

Ran, Jie; Li, Yu-Qin; Ma, Shao-Juan; Wu, Juan

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/127404

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

On this page

Abstract Introduction Conclusions Appendix References Copyright Related Articles

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2015 | Article ID 127404 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/127404

Hopf Bifurcation Analysis for a Stochastic Discrete-Time Hyperchaotic System

Jie Ran,¹Yu-Qin Li,²Shao-Juan Ma,³and Juan Wu³

Academic Editor: Daniele Fournier-Prunaret

Received06 Oct 2015

Revised09 Nov 2015

Accepted19 Nov 2015

Published24 Dec 2015

Abstract

The dynamics of a discrete-time hyperchaotic system and the amplitude control of Hopf bifurcation for a stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system are investigated in this paper. Numerical simulations are presented to exhibit the complex dynamical behaviors in the discrete-time hyperchaotic system. Furthermore, the stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system with random parameters is transformed into its equivalent deterministic system with the orthogonal polynomial theory of discrete random function. In addition, the dynamical features of the discrete-time hyperchaotic system with random disturbances are obtained through its equivalent deterministic system. By using the Hopf bifurcation conditions of the deterministic discrete-time system, the specific conditions for the existence of Hopf bifurcation in the equivalent deterministic system are derived. And the amplitude control with random intensity is discussed in detail. Finally, the feasibility of the control method is demonstrated by numerical simulations.

1. Introduction

The dynamics and their bifurcation control in chaos systems have been given much attention and widely used in chemical and biological population and power systems [1, 2]. Studies about bifurcation mainly include the validated existence of bifurcation and its control. Hopf bifurcation has been researched comprehensively and systematically in theory [3–6]. The aim of bifurcation control is to design a controller to modify the bifurcation properties of a given nonlinear system and then achieve the other desirable dynamical behaviors. There are some summaries about bifurcation control, such as delayed-feedback control [7], state-feedback control [8], and Washout-filter control [9]. The condition of existing bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation for discrete-time systems is studied by Wen et al. [10, 11]. The study of chaos has become a hot research topic recently. Compared to the chaotic system, hyperchaotic system has two positive Lyapunov exponents. Therefore, hyperchaotic system would have more complex dynamical behaviors than a normal chaotic system. In 1979, hyperchaotic system was firstly reported by Rössler system [12]. From then on, hyperchaotic system has received great attention in the past several decades [13–15]. The study of hyperchaotic system proposed for secure communication is much more significance than the chaos system. It is well known that there are many methods to control the chaotic and hyperchaotic systems, such as nonlinear feedback, state-feedback control [16], linear feedback and adaptive control [17], and time-delay feedback control [18]. There are advantages and disadvantages in each control method. The chaos and hyperchaos control based on the first control is studied by Ma and Yang in [19]. In practice, most researchers focus mainly on how to construct a hyperchaotic system and how to design hyperchaotic circuit [20]. As far as we know, there are few studies on hyperchaotic systems about their dynamical behaviors, such as bifurcation and chaos.

However, owing to the uncertain factors from external environment, uncertainties of system parameters, perturbations of external noise, and so on, the stochastic system can accurately represent the original systems better; therefore the study of stochastic system is more meaningful than deterministic systems. Nowadays, a growing number of researchers have shown great interests in the research of stochastic dynamics for nonlinear systems with random parameters. Orthogonal polynomial approximation based on the expansion theory of orthogonal polynomials has been widely used. The dynamical behaviors via the improved method in stochastic systems with random parameters are studied by Leng et al. [21]. Ma et al. have investigated the stochastic Hopf bifurcation [22–24]. Hopf bifurcation control for stochastic dynamical system with nonlinear random feedback method has been investigated [25]. From the previous research about stochastic model, those stochastic systems are always inevitably disturbed by the system parameters. Hence, the dynamics analysis of stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system with random parameter, which is scarcely investigated, attracts our interest.

The remainder of this paper is arranged as follows. In Section 2, the dynamics of a discrete-time hyperchaotic system are investigated, and a stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system transforms into its equivalent deterministic system by means of orthogonal polynomial approximation. Then, existence of Hopf bifurcation and bifurcation amplitude control with random intensity method are studied. And the numerical simulations are shown in Section 3 and in Section 4. Finally, conclusions are drawn in Section 5.

2. Orthogonal Polynomial Approximation of a Discrete-Time Hyperchaotic System with Random Parameter

Consider a two-dimensional deterministic discrete-time hyperchaotic system that has been researched by Chen: where and are state variables and system parameters , , , and are real parameters. Let , varying in range , system (1) has the corresponding bifurcation diagram, and Lyapunov exponents are depicted in Figure 1.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Numerical simulations are presented to exhibit the complex dynamical behaviors, such as period orbits, Hopf bifurcation, chaos, and hyperchaos. The phase portraits of system (1) are shown in Figure 2. These results reveal far richer dynamics of the discrete model compared with the chaos system. The numerically computed Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation diagram of system (1) can further confirm the complex dynamical behaviors.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

It is well known that there exist many uncertain factors from external environment, manufacture, material, and installation; many dynamic systems are always inevitably affected by some random disturbances, such as uncertainties of system parameters, perturbations of external noise, and stochastic input. Hence, the stochastic system accurately represents the original system, and the dynamic behaviors analysis of stochastic system will possess more practical significance. The study of this kind of model is more significance than the deterministic system. In the following, we consider a stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system. Let , , and be deterministic parameters, and is a random parameter. Then the stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system can be written as the following system:where is the statistic parameter of in system (2), is regarded as strength of random disturbance, and is a random variable defined on nonnegative set integer which obeys density function .

According to orthogonal polynomial approximation of discrete random function in the Hilbert spaces and the orthogonality of orthogonal polynomials [21–25], the response of discrete-time hyperchaotic system with random parameter can be expressed by the following Fourier series:where , , is the orthogonal polynomial, and represents the largest order of the polynomial we have taken. Substituting (3) into (2), we haveThe cycle recurrence formula of polynomials is as follows: where , , and are decided by different kinds of polynomials.

In this paper, we assume that the random variable obeys the Poisson distribution with a parameter of . Corresponding to this random variable, the orthogonal polynomial is chosen as the Charlier polynomial. Therefore, the coefficients of (5) are , , and . When , the discrete-time hyperchaotic system with random parameter is strictly equivalent to system (4). In order to facilitate the numerical analysis of this paper, we select and and approximately obtain the equivalent deterministic system of discrete-time hyperchaotic system with random parameter:where () and () can be derived through the MAPLE (see Appendix). We can obtain the numerical solutions and of equivalent deterministic system (6) by effective numerical methods. Furthermore, the approximate random response of the original stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system can be expressed asand the ensemble mean response of system (2) is calculated asThe initial conditions of system (1) with deterministic parameters are defined as and . In this paper we take the initial conditions of equivalent deterministic system (6) as follows:

3. Hopf Bifurcation Analysis

In this section, we will investigate the Hopf bifurcation of discrete-time hyperchaotic system with random parameter.

Theorem 1. Stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system (2) undergoes the Hopf bifurcation in the strong resonance case at a fixed point, when the parameter passes the critical value .

Proof. The Jacobian matrix of equivalent deterministic system (6) at the zero fixed point iswith the character polynomial where () are coefficients of equivalent deterministic system (6), which are shown as follows:By a simple computation, it is straightforward to obtain the following results:The classical Hopf bifurcation criterion (see [11]) about the discrete-time system is repeated as follows: (C1) Eigenvalue assignment: the Jacobian matrix of the discrete-time system has a pair of complex conjugate eigenvalues, and with at and the other eigenvalues (), with ; (C2) transversality condition: (); (C3) nonresonance condition: ; resonance condition: (). The type and stability of bifurcation solutions depend on condition (C3) and the nonlinear property of system.
According to the classical Hopf bifurcation criterion mentioned above, the equivalent deterministic system (6) occurs as Hopf bifurcation if and only if (C1)–(C3) hold. To ensure that (C1) hold, the character polynomial (11) must exist as a pair of conjugate complex roots, and the parameters must satisfy one of the below conditions:To satisfy the eigenvalue’s modules of (C1) conditions, we takeBy means of the MAPLE software, the relationships between the bifurcation parameter and the random strength are obtained:Substituting all expressions of (16) into character polynomial (11), respectively, all eigenvalues are as follows:Obviously, because and , the eigenvalues that correspond to the parameter do not satisfy the Hopf bifurcation condition (C1). However, when , the eigenvalues that correspond to the parameters can satisfy the Hopf bifurcation condition (C1). Therefore, there is only one expression , which can satisfy the Hopf bifurcation condition (C1). In the meantime, (C2) and (C3) are written asThus, both (C2) and (C3) hold. According to the above analysis, when and , all the conditions for the existence of the Hopf bifurcation hold. Because there is a pair of pure imaginary roots in the eigenvalues, system (6) undergoes the Hopf bifurcations in the 1 : 4 strong resonance case. Numerical simulations are used to investigate equivalent deterministic system (6). Let , , and , and random strength is given by , and the parameter is given by , , and , respectively. Phase portraits and time history diagrams are displayed in Figures 3, 4, and 5, respectively.

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

(c)

4. The Amplitude Control for Hopf Bifurcation

A method is introduced to control the amplitude of Hopf bifurcation, which does not require any adjustable control parameters of the system. Our objective here is to research the influence of random intensity for the Hopf bifurcation amplitude of equivalent deterministic system (6). When parameter and random intensity , respectively, equivalent deterministic system (6) occurs as the Hopf bifurcation. As the random intensity increases to , the amplitude of limit cycle in equivalent deterministic system (6) is becoming smaller; the phase trajectories and time history diagrams are shown as in Figure 6. Increasing the random intensity to , the amplitude of limit cycle in equivalent deterministic system (6) is more smaller than the amplitude of limit cycle of Figure 6; the phase trajectories and time history diagrams are shown in Figure 7. As we continue to increase random intensity to , the amplitude of limit cycle in equivalent deterministic system (6) is more smaller than the amplitude of limit cycle of Figure 7; the phase trajectories and time history diagrams are shown in Figure 8.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(a)

(b)

(c)

According to the numerical simulations, we can find that amplitude of the stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system will be controlled by changing the random intensity. Compared to the deterministic system, the random intensity obviously affects the bifurcation amplitude of its stochastic system, and the bifurcation amplitude decreases with the random intensity. Numerical simulations are used to investigate equivalent deterministic system (6). Here, we take , , and , and the equivalent deterministic system undergoes strong resonance Hopf bifurcation at the fixed point, when the bifurcation parameter . The phase trajectories and time history diagrams for the stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system are depicted in Figures 6, 7, and 8.

5. Conclusions

In this paper, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our results with the theoretical analysis and to exhibit the complex dynamical behaviors. Furthermore, the amplitude control of Hopf bifurcation of a stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system has been analyzed. Stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system undergoes strong resonance Hopf bifurcation at a fixed point by means of the Hopf bifurcation theory. In addition, a random intensity control law has been introduced for the stochastic discrete-time hyperchaotic system. The amplitude of the Hopf bifurcation can be controlled by changing the random intensity. We can find that the effect of the random intensity on controlling the Hopf bifurcation is available. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the analytical results.

Appendix

() and () in system (6) can be derived through the MAPLE as follows:

Conflict of Interests

All authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

References

H. T. Zhao, Y. P. Lin, and Y. X. Dai, “Bifurcation analysis and control of chaos for a hybrid ratio-dependent three species food chain,” Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 218, no. 5, pp. 1533–1546, 2011.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet
N. Yi, P. Liu, and Q. L. Zhang, “Bifurcations analysis and tracking control of an epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate,” Applied Mathematical Modelling: Simulation and Computation for Engineering and Environmental Systems, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 1678–1693, 2012.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet
J. Guckenheimer and P. Holmes, Nonlinear Oscillations, Dynamical Systems and Bifurcations of Vector Fields, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 1986.
View at: MathSciNet
E. I. Jury, Theory and Application of the Z-Transform Method, Wiley, New York, NY, USA, 1964.
Y. A. Kuznetsov, Elements of Applied Bifurcation Theory, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 2nd edition, 1998.
View at: MathSciNet
B. D. Hassard, N. D. Kazarinoff, and Y. Wan, Theory and Application of Hopf Bifurcation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1981.
View at: MathSciNet
G. Chen, J. Lu, B. Nicholas, and S. M. Ranganathan, “Bifurcation dynamics in discrete-time delayed-feedback control systems,” International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 287–293, 1999.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet
E. H. Abed and H. O. Wang, “Feedback control of bifurcation and chaos in dynamical Systems,” in Nonlinear Dynamics and Stochastic Mechanics, pp. 153–173, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, USA, 1995.
View at: Google Scholar
Z. Q. Wu and L. M. Sun, “Hopf bifurcation control of the system based on washout filter controller,” Acta Physica Sinica, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 1–5, 2011.
View at: Google Scholar
G. Wen, “Criterion to identify Hopf bifurcations in maps of arbitrary dimension,” Physical Review E, vol. 72, no. 2, Article ID 026201, 4 pages, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet
G. L. Wen, D. L. Xu, and J. H. Xie, “Control of degenerate Hopf bifurcations in three-dimensional maps,” Chaos, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 486–494, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet
O. E. Rössler, “An equation for hyperchaos,” Physics Letters A, vol. 71, no. 2-3, pp. 155–157, 1979.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet
H. X. Wang, G. L. Cai, S. Miao, and L. X. Tian, “Nonlinear feedback control of a novel hyperchaotic system and its circuit implementation,” Chinese Physics B, vol. 19, no. 3, Article ID 030509, pp. 1–8, 2010.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Y. Li, W. K. S. Tang, and G. Chen, “Generating hyperchaos via state feedback control,” International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos in Applied Sciences and Engineering, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 3367–3375, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
X. P. Guan, Z. P. Fan, and C. L. Chen, Chaos Control and Its Application in Secure Communication, National Defence Industry Press, Beijing, China, 2002.
K. Sun, X. Liu, C. Zhu, and J. C. Sprott, “Hyperchaos and hyperchaos control of the sinusoidally forced simplified Lorenz system,” Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 1383–1391, 2012.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet
H. Yu, G. Cai, and Y. Li, “Dynamic analysis and control of a new hyperchaotic finance system,” Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 2171–2182, 2012.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet
C. Li, X. Liao, and K.-W. Wong, “Lag synchronization of hyperchaos with application to secure communications,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 183–193, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. H. Ma and Y. J. Yang, “Hyperchaos numerical simulation and control in a 4D hyperchaotic system,” Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, vol. 2013, Article ID 980578, 16 pages, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet
K. B. Deng and S. M. Yu, “Hopf bifurcation analysis of a new modified hyperchaotic Lü system,” Optik, vol. 124, no. 23, pp. 6265–6269, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
X. L. Leng, C. L. Wu, X. P. Ma, G. Meng, and T. Fang, “Bifurcation and chaos analysis of stochastic Duffing system under harmonic excitations,” Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 185–198, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet
S.-J. Ma, W. Xu, W. Li, and T. Fang, “Analysis of stochastic bifurcation and chaos in stochastic Duffing-van der Pol system via Chebyshev polynomial approximation,” Chinese Physics, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 1231–1238, 2006.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. J. Ma, W. Xu, and T. Fang, “Analysis of period-doubling bifurcation in double-well stochastic Duffing system via Laguerre polynomial approximation,” Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 289–299, 2008.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet
S. J. Ma and W. Xu, “Period-doubling bifurcation in an extended van der Pol system with bounded random parameter,” Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 2256–2265, 2008.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Y. Xu, S. Ma, and H. Zhang, “Hopf bifurcation control for stochastic dynamical system with nonlinear random feedback method,” Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 65, no. 1-2, pp. 77–84, 2011.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet

Copyright

Copyright © 2015 Jie Ran et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PDF Download Citation

Download other formats

Order printed copies

Views

1011

Downloads

1250

Citations