Developing a Traffic Management Framework for Coastal Expressway Bridges under Adverse Weather Conditions: Case Study of Rain Day in Shenzhen, China

Table 1

Weather impacts on roadway environments and transportation systems.

Weather events	Roadway environment impacts	Transportation system impacts
Rain, snow, sleet, hail, and flooding	(i) Reduced visibility; (ii) Reduced pavement friction; (iii) Lane obstruction and submersion; (iv) Reduced vehicle stability and maneuverability; (v) Increased chemical and abrasive use for snow and ice control; (vi) Infrastructure damage	(i) Reduced roadway capacity; (ii) Reduced speeds and increased delay; (iii) Increased speed variability; (iv) Increased accident risk; (v) Road/bridge restrictions and closures; (vi) Loss of communications/power services; (vii) Increased maintenance and operations costs
High wind	(i) Reduced visibility due to blowing snow or dust; (ii) Lane obstruction due to windblown debris and drifting snow; (iii) Reduced vehicle stability and maneuverability	(i) Increased delay; (ii) Reduced traffic speeds; (iii) Road/bridge restrictions and closures
Fog, smog, smoke, and glare	Reduced visibility	(i) Reduced speeds and increased delay; (ii) Increased speed variability; (iii) Increased accident risk; (iv) Road/bridge restrictions and closures
Extreme temperatures and lightning	(i) Increased wild fire risk; (ii) Infrastructure damage	(i) Traffic control device failure; (ii) Loss of communications and power services; (iii) Increased maintenance and operations costs