Optimal Control Problem of Converter Steelmaking Production Process Based on Operation Optimization Method

Table 2

Comparable results for the mean square root error (RMSE) of temperature.

Furnace number	RMSE/°C			ARE			MAX/%
	IPSO-LSSVM	KPSO-LSSVM	SPSO-LSSVM	IPSO-LSSVM	KPSO-LSSVM	SPSO-LSSVM	IPSO-LSSVM	KPSO-LSSVM	SPSO-LSSVM
1	3.77	5.19	5.08	0.0072	0.0082	0.0080	6.46	7.25	7.28
2	3.16	5.28	5.23	0.0075	0.0082	0.0082	6.41	6.73	6.98
3	4.45	7.54	7.36	0.0079	0.0097	0.0095	7.43	7.25	7.28
4	2.43	8.34	8.14	0.0071	0.0105	0.0103	6.96	7.29	7.32
5	1.82	8.59	8.85	0.0068	0.0105	0.0105	6.15	8.46	7.77
6	7.37	8.02	7.95	0.0100	0.0104	0.0103	7.23	5.13	6.15
7	0.79	3.25	3.24	0.0057	0.0066	0.0066	6.50	8.18	9.21
8	0.43	2.56	3.01	0.0060	0.0069	0.0072	6.29	8.55	8.59
9	2.51	6.09	6.16	0.0066	0.0084	0.0085	5.87	7.37	7.39
10	4.35	8.82	9.76	0.0084	0.0110	0.0109	7.23	7.74	7.64