Modelling and Optimizing an Open-Pit Truck Scheduling Problem

Table 3

Experiment result and comparison for the practical problem size.

Problem	Objective value		Relative imp.	UB	GAP
	Heuristic	Improvement
1	543	551	1.58%	585	5.70%
2	536	543	1.26%	559	2.96%
3	569	578	1.61%	601	3.80%
4	509	534	4.68%	558	4.36%
5	637	659	3.34%	697	5.46%
6	588	619	5.05%	650	4.79%
7	652	667	2.34%	705	5.40%
8	661	691	4.34%	714	3.19%
Average	—	—	3.02%	—	4.46%