Research Article
Optimal Tradable Credits Scheme and Congestion Pricing with the Efficiency Analysis to Congestion
Table 2
Results of numerical simulations of scenarios.
| | Parameter | Tradable credits | Congestion pricing | No traffic measures |
| | Car demand (pax/km) | 28 | 530 | 608 | | Bus demand (pax/km) | 827 | 321 | 267 | | Bicycle demand (pax/km) | 145 | 49 | 25 | | Bus fare (US$/km) | 0.18 | 0.39 | 0.42 | | Bus frequency (buses/h) | 99 | 37 | 32 | | Congestion pricing fee (US$/km) | — | 0.18 | — | | Credits distribution (—/km) | 12.23 | — | — | | Credits charging (—/km) | 2.43 | — | — | | Credit price (US$) | 0.2 | — | — | | Consumer surplus (×105 US$) | 8.83 | 8.25 | 8.43 | | Social welfare (×105 US$) | 8.83 | 9.025 | 8.43 |
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