Research Article
Describing Urban Evolution with the Fractal Parameters Based on Area-Perimeter Allometry
Table 3
The local fractal parameters of the cities and towns in Yangtze River Delta, China (1985–2005).
| | City | 1985 | 1996 | 2005 | | | | Co | | | | Co | | | | Co |
| | Shanghai | 1.247 | 1.123 | 1.802 | 0.205 | 1.429 | 1.214 | 1.700 | 0.144 | 1.468 | 1.234 | 1.681 | 0.120 | | Qingpu | 1.728 | 1.364 | 1.579 | 0.242 | 1.416 | 1.208 | 1.706 | 0.364 | 1.465 | 1.233 | 1.683 | 0.304 | | Chongming | 1.405 | 1.203 | 1.711 | 0.320 | 1.434 | 1.217 | 1.697 | 0.389 | 1.424 | 1.212 | 1.702 | 0.401 | | Songjiang | 1.427 | 1.213 | 1.701 | 0.256 | 1.078 | 1.039 | 1.928 | 0.521 | 1.277 | 1.139 | 1.783 | 0.359 | | Jinshan | 1.261 | 1.130 | 1.793 | 0.363 | 1.460 | 1.230 | 1.685 | 0.388 | 1.125 | 1.063 | 1.889 | 0.528 | | Nanjing | 1.511 | 1.256 | 1.662 | 0.132 | 1.454 | 1.227 | 1.688 | 0.181 | 1.511 | 1.256 | 1.662 | 0.150 | | Jiangning | 1.230 | 1.115 | 1.813 | 0.349 | 1.567 | 1.283 | 1.638 | 0.257 | 1.510 | 1.255 | 1.662 | 0.250 | | Jiangpu | 1.851 | 1.426 | 1.540 | 0.253 | 1.969 | 1.484 | 1.508 | 0.208 | 1.617 | 1.308 | 1.619 | 0.277 | | Liuhe | 1.333 | 1.166 | 1.750 | 0.341 | 1.403 | 1.201 | 1.713 | 0.382 | 1.330 | 1.165 | 1.752 | 0.410 | | Lishui | 1.497 | 1.248 | 1.668 | 0.253 | 1.622 | 1.311 | 1.616 | 0.288 | 1.504 | 1.252 | 1.665 | 0.301 | | Gaochun | 1.168 | 1.084 | 1.856 | 0.389 | 1.533 | 1.266 | 1.652 | 0.389 | 1.598 | 1.299 | 1.626 | 0.314 | | Wuxi | 1.435 | 1.217 | 1.697 | 0.181 | 1.357 | 1.178 | 1.737 | 0.256 | 1.423 | 1.212 | 1.703 | 0.225 | | Jiangyin | 1.285 | 1.143 | 1.778 | 0.298 | 1.492 | 1.246 | 1.670 | 0.261 | 1.579 | 1.289 | 1.633 | 0.174 | | Yixing | 1.584 | 1.292 | 1.631 | 0.274 | 1.494 | 1.247 | 1.669 | 0.318 | 1.462 | 1.231 | 1.684 | 0.280 | | Changzhou | 1.422 | 1.211 | 1.703 | 0.183 | 1.489 | 1.245 | 1.672 | 0.182 | 1.473 | 1.236 | 1.679 | 0.184 | | Liyang | 1.543 | 1.272 | 1.648 | 0.307 | 1.749 | 1.375 | 1.572 | 0.224 | 1.676 | 1.338 | 1.597 | 0.240 | | Jintan | 1.506 | 1.253 | 1.664 | 0.298 | 1.613 | 1.306 | 1.620 | 0.279 | 1.443 | 1.221 | 1.693 | 0.336 | | Suzhou | 1.424 | 1.212 | 1.702 | 0.189 | 1.422 | 1.211 | 1.703 | 0.218 | 1.324 | 1.162 | 1.755 | 0.276 | | Changshu | 1.712 | 1.356 | 1.584 | 0.183 | 1.474 | 1.237 | 1.678 | 0.270 | 1.549 | 1.275 | 1.646 | 0.212 | | Zhangjiagang | 1.628 | 1.314 | 1.614 | 0.243 | 1.408 | 1.204 | 1.710 | 0.320 | 1.423 | 1.211 | 1.703 | 0.264 | | Kunshan | 1.584 | 1.292 | 1.631 | 0.233 | 1.272 | 1.136 | 1.786 | 0.389 | 1.298 | 1.149 | 1.770 | 0.350 | | Wujiang | 1.355 | 1.177 | 1.738 | 0.317 | 1.213 | 1.107 | 1.824 | 0.465 | 1.257 | 1.129 | 1.795 | 0.445 | | Taicang | 1.469 | 1.235 | 1.681 | 0.274 | 1.300 | 1.150 | 1.769 | 0.403 | 1.270 | 1.135 | 1.787 | 0.396 | | Nantong | 1.143 | 1.071 | 1.875 | 0.348 | 1.498 | 1.249 | 1.667 | 0.222 | 1.571 | 1.285 | 1.637 | 0.168 | | Hai’an | 1.270 | 1.135 | 1.787 | 0.320 | 1.312 | 1.156 | 1.762 | 0.389 | 1.382 | 1.191 | 1.724 | 0.339 | | Rudong | 1.017 | 1.008 | 1.984 | 0.436 | 1.178 | 1.089 | 1.849 | 0.488 | 1.317 | 1.158 | 1.759 | 0.426 | | Haimen | 0.981 | 0.991 | 2.019 | 0.449 | 1.394 | 1.197 | 1.717 | 0.389 | 1.536 | 1.268 | 1.651 | 0.311 | | Qidong | 0.950 | 0.975 | 2.053 | 0.462 | 1.251 | 1.125 | 1.800 | 0.443 | 1.491 | 1.246 | 1.671 | 0.310 | | Rugao | 1.498 | 1.249 | 1.667 | 0.285 | 1.675 | 1.338 | 1.597 | 0.230 | 1.445 | 1.222 | 1.692 | 0.322 | | Yangzhou | 1.448 | 1.224 | 1.691 | 0.195 | 1.703 | 1.351 | 1.587 | 0.153 | 1.544 | 1.272 | 1.647 | 0.200 | | Jiangdu | 1.267 | 1.134 | 1.789 | 0.336 | 1.634 | 1.317 | 1.612 | 0.276 | 1.599 | 1.299 | 1.625 | 0.232 | | Yizheng | 1.640 | 1.320 | 1.610 | 0.220 | 1.402 | 1.201 | 1.713 | 0.342 | 1.375 | 1.187 | 1.727 | 0.357 | | Taizhou | 1.382 | 1.191 | 1.724 | 0.255 | 1.532 | 1.266 | 1.653 | 0.256 | 1.613 | 1.306 | 1.620 | 0.176 | | Jiangyan (Tai) | 1.364 | 1.182 | 1.733 | 0.314 | 1.690 | 1.345 | 1.592 | 0.275 | 1.673 | 1.336 | 1.598 | 0.220 | | Taixing | 1.406 | 1.203 | 1.711 | 0.280 | 1.396 | 1.198 | 1.716 | 0.339 | 1.573 | 1.286 | 1.636 | 0.262 | | Jingjiang | 1.515 | 1.257 | 1.660 | 0.238 | 1.187 | 1.094 | 1.842 | 0.447 | 1.597 | 1.298 | 1.626 | 0.240 | | Zhenjiang | 1.539 | 1.270 | 1.650 | 0.177 | 1.610 | 1.305 | 1.621 | 0.182 | 1.677 | 1.338 | 1.596 | 0.156 | | Jurong | 1.842 | 1.421 | 1.543 | 0.259 | 1.579 | 1.290 | 1.633 | 0.334 | 1.569 | 1.285 | 1.637 | 0.336 | | Yangzhong | 1.340 | 1.170 | 1.746 | 0.354 | 1.376 | 1.188 | 1.727 | 0.411 | 1.696 | 1.348 | 1.590 | 0.271 | | Danyang | 1.583 | 1.291 | 1.632 | 0.247 | 1.434 | 1.217 | 1.698 | 0.322 | 1.439 | 1.219 | 1.695 | 0.301 | | Hangzhou | 1.423 | 1.212 | 1.703 | 0.181 | 1.532 | 1.266 | 1.653 | 0.169 | 1.328 | 1.164 | 1.753 | 0.272 | | Tonglu | 1.308 | 1.154 | 1.764 | 0.397 | 1.636 | 1.318 | 1.611 | 0.419 | 1.709 | 1.355 | 1.585 | 0.319 | | Fuyang | 1.253 | 1.127 | 1.798 | 0.385 | 1.680 | 1.340 | 1.595 | 0.288 | 1.358 | 1.179 | 1.736 | 0.316 | | Lin’an | 1.730 | 1.365 | 1.578 | 0.269 | 1.612 | 1.306 | 1.620 | 0.331 | 1.331 | 1.165 | 1.751 | 0.409 | | Yuhang | 1.305 | 1.152 | 1.766 | 0.416 | 1.537 | 1.269 | 1.651 | 0.358 | 1.393 | 1.197 | 1.718 | 0.368 | | Xiaoshan | 1.206 | 1.103 | 1.830 | 0.374 | 1.728 | 1.364 | 1.579 | 0.208 | 1.525 | 1.263 | 1.656 | 0.195 | | Ningbo | 1.374 | 1.187 | 1.728 | 0.234 | 1.423 | 1.211 | 1.703 | 0.253 | 1.402 | 1.201 | 1.713 | 0.225 | | Xiangshan | 1.513 | 1.256 | 1.661 | 0.317 | 1.341 | 1.170 | 1.746 | 0.495 | 1.299 | 1.149 | 1.770 | 0.482 | | Ninghai | 1.076 | 1.038 | 1.930 | 0.413 | 1.299 | 1.149 | 1.770 | 0.431 | 1.141 | 1.070 | 1.877 | 0.543 | | Yuyao | 1.563 | 1.281 | 1.640 | 0.208 | 1.937 | 1.468 | 1.516 | 0.160 | 1.616 | 1.308 | 1.619 | 0.180 | | Cixi | 1.425 | 1.213 | 1.702 | 0.318 | 1.526 | 1.263 | 1.655 | 0.272 | 1.562 | 1.281 | 1.640 | 0.199 | | Fenghua | 1.384 | 1.192 | 1.722 | 0.351 | 1.583 | 1.291 | 1.632 | 0.307 | 1.844 | 1.422 | 1.542 | 0.187 | | Jiaxing | 1.421 | 1.211 | 1.704 | 0.263 | 1.354 | 1.177 | 1.739 | 0.343 | 1.373 | 1.187 | 1.728 | 0.296 | | Jiashan | 1.420 | 1.210 | 1.704 | 0.325 | 1.028 | 1.014 | 1.973 | 0.568 | 1.350 | 1.175 | 1.741 | 0.374 | | Haiyan | 1.516 | 1.258 | 1.660 | 0.309 | 1.317 | 1.159 | 1.759 | 0.435 | 1.091 | 1.046 | 1.916 | 0.564 | | Haining | 1.203 | 1.102 | 1.831 | 0.370 | 1.321 | 1.160 | 1.757 | 0.413 | 1.490 | 1.245 | 1.671 | 0.300 | | Pinghu | 1.146 | 1.073 | 1.873 | 0.407 | 1.350 | 1.175 | 1.741 | 0.421 | 1.246 | 1.123 | 1.803 | 0.437 | | Tongxiang | 1.387 | 1.194 | 1.721 | 0.350 | 1.399 | 1.199 | 1.715 | 0.412 | 1.176 | 1.088 | 1.850 | 0.476 | | Huzhou | 1.083 | 1.042 | 1.923 | 0.400 | 1.244 | 1.122 | 1.804 | 0.419 | 1.307 | 1.154 | 1.765 | 0.385 | |
Deqing | −1.660 | −0.330 | 0.398 | 0.750 | 0.859 | 0.930 | 2.164 | 0.627 | 1.172 | 1.086 | 1.853 | 0.497 | | Changxing | 1.404 | 1.202 | 1.712 | 0.300 | 1.605 | 1.303 | 1.623 | 0.317 | 1.322 | 1.161 | 1.756 | 0.391 | | Anji | 1.307 | 1.154 | 1.765 | 0.393 | 1.747 | 1.373 | 1.573 | 0.362 | 1.413 | 1.207 | 1.708 | 0.339 | | Shaoxing | 1.203 | 1.101 | 1.831 | 0.325 | 1.502 | 1.251 | 1.666 | 0.264 | 1.611 | 1.305 | 1.621 | 0.189 | | Chengxian | 1.143 | 1.071 | 1.875 | 0.405 | 1.280 | 1.140 | 1.781 | 0.437 | 1.567 | 1.283 | 1.638 | 0.359 | | Xinchang | 1.252 | 1.126 | 1.799 | 0.353 | 1.388 | 1.194 | 1.720 | 0.400 | 1.587 | 1.294 | 1.630 | 0.354 | | Zhuji | 1.729 | 1.365 | 1.578 | 0.277 | 1.732 | 1.366 | 1.577 | 0.228 | 1.435 | 1.218 | 1.697 | 0.261 | | Shangyu | 2.049 | 1.525 | 1.488 | 0.336 | 1.863 | 1.431 | 1.537 | 0.237 | 1.538 | 1.269 | 1.650 | 0.263 | | Zhoushan | 1.770 | 1.385 | 1.565 | 0.205 | 1.793 | 1.397 | 1.558 | 0.246 | 1.611 | 1.306 | 1.621 | 0.285 |
| | Average | 1.364 | 1.182 | 1.707 | 0.307 | 1.472 | 1.236 | 1.693 | 0.330 | 1.454 | 1.227 | 1.696 | 0.307 |
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Note. The results of Deqing in 1985 are outliers. The symbol “Co” denotes compactness ratio of urban form.
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