Solving a Closed-Loop Location-Inventory-Routing Problem with Mixed Quality Defects Returns in E-Commerce by Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

Table 3

Results with different β (cost: million CNY; iterations: times).

β		Cost			Iterations
		Mean	Std. dev.	C.V.	Mean	Std. dev.	C.V.
3	ACO	31.91	0.91	0.0286	192.78	42.08	0.2183
	HACO	33.06	1.19	0.0359	148.8	54.84	0.3686
4	ACO	32.19	0.8	0.0249	170.2	41.89	0.2461
	HACO	33.05	1.14	0.0344	126	42.17	0.3347
5	ACO	32.22	0.74	0.0229	157.19	40.58	0.2581
	HACO	32.96	0.96	0.0292	119.26	17.47	0.1465
6	ACO	32.1	0.77	0.0241	159.38	31.99	0.2007
	HACO	33.12	1.19	0.0358	119.86	22.4	0.1869
7	ACO	32.42	0.84	0.0258	154.69	23.92	0.1546
	HACO	33.25	1.07	0.0322	111.68	8.62	0.0772

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