Research Article

Solving a Closed-Loop Location-Inventory-Routing Problem with Mixed Quality Defects Returns in E-Commerce by Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

Table 6

Results with different (cost: million CNY; iterations: times).

CostIterations
MeanStd. dev.C.V.MeanStd. dev.C.V.

0.333.071.220.0369123.7025.960.2098
0.432.881.090.0330121.6318.910.1555
0.533.021.050.0319121.1423.200.1915
0.632.901.120.0339120.8022.050.1825
0.733.101.090.0330121.8728.950.2376

, , , , and .