Research Article
Effect of Energy Development and Technological Innovation on PM2.5 in China: A Spatial Durbin Econometric Analysis
Table 4
Estimation results of nonspatial panel model.
| | Variables | Pooled OLS | Spatial fixed effects | Time-period fixed effects | two-way fixed effects |
| | Adjacent weight |
| | Intercept | 11.5064(0.0000) | — | — | — | | ln Ei | 0.3473 (0.0001) | -1.1951 (0.0000) | 0.5160 (0.0000) | 0.3958 (0.0078) | | ln Cs | 0.2146 (0.0037) | 0.1257 (0.0722) | 0.0781(0.1749) | 0.0851 (0.0395) | | ln Ppi | -2.5530 (0.0000) | -2.3159 (0.0000) | -1.1728 (0.0781) | -1.2583 (0.0009) | | ln Npi | -0.0179(0.6843) | -0.1685 (0.0009) | 0.1261 (0.0006) | -0.1664 (0.0000) | | ln Patent | 0.2509 (0.0000) | 0.2093 (0.0015) | 0.1263 (0.0024) | -0.0204(0.6597) | | ln Infra | -0.0352(0.4382) | -0.2274 (0.0007) | -0.3931 (0.0000) | 0.0364(0.5603) | | ln Market | 0.0776 (0.0017) | -0.0598(0.1106) | 0.1053 (0.0000) | -0.0565 (0.0112) | | R2 | 0.4091 | 0.4705 | 0.4592 | 0.1661 | | LM-lag | 201.7888 (0.000) | 340.0601 (0.000) | 70.4194 (0.000) | 66.6052 (0.0000) | | Robust LM-lag | 4.6368 (0.031) | 36.9528 (0.000) | 1.2878(0.256) | 60.7071 (0.0000) | | LM-error | 219.8807 (0.000) | 303.1079 (0.000) | 82.2136 (0.000) | 39.3528 (0.0000) | | Robust LM-error | 22.7288 (0.000) | 0.0006(0.980) | 13.0820 (0.000) | 33.4547 (0.0000) |
| | Distance weight |
| | Intercept | 11.5064 (0.0000) | — | — | — | | ln Ei | 0.3473 (0.0001) | -1.1951 (0.0000) | 0.5160 (0.0000) | 0.3958 (0.0078) | | ln Cs | 0.2146 (0.0037) | 0.1257 (0.0722) | 0.0781 (0.1749) | 0.0851 (0.0395) | | ln Ppi | -2.5530 (0.0000) | -2.3159 (0.0000) | -1.1728 (0.0000) | -1.2583 (0.0009) | | ln Npi | -0.0179(0.6843) | -0.1685 (0.0009) | 0.1261 (0.0006) | -0.1664 (0.0000) | | ln Patent | 0.2509 (0.0000) | 0.2093 (0.0015) | 0.1263 (0.0024) | -0.0204(0.6597) | | ln Infra | -0.0352(0.4382) | -0.2274 (0.0007) | -0.3931 (0.0000) | 0.0364(0.5603) | | ln Market | 0.0776 (0.0017) | -0.0598(0.1106) | 0.1053 (0.0000) | -0.0565 (0.0112) | | R2 | 0.4091 | 0.4705 | 0.4592 | 0.1661 | | LM-lag | 102.2239 (0.000) | 323.1789 (0.000) | 13.6513 (0.000) | 35.8038 (0.000) | | Robust LM-lag | 0.6919(0.406) | 46.2787 (0.0000) | 1.1820(0.277) | 10.4315 (0.001) | | LM-error | 136.6806 (0.0000) | 276.9055 (0.0000) | 12.9372 (0.0000) | 27.6293 (0.000) | | Robust LM-error | 35.1486 (0.0000) | 0.0053(0.942) | 0.4678(0.0494) | 2.2570(0.133) | | | Fixed effects | Statistics | DOF | P value | | LR-test | Spatial fixed effects | 538.5783 | 29 | 0.0000 | | | Time-period fixed effects | 441.7073 | 14 | 0.0000 |
|
|
Note., , indicates significance at 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively. |
