Research Article
Neimark-Sacker-Turing Instability and Pattern Formation in a Spatiotemporal Discrete Predator-Prey System with Allee Effect
Figure 8
Pattern formation resulting from spatially symmetry breaking on invariant closed curves and starting with deterministic initial condition. = 1.63, = 0.1, = 0.32, = 0.22, = 0.6, = 1.2, = 5.1, = 10, and = 200.
(a) = 1 |
(b) = 500 |
(c) = 2000 |
(d) = 3000 |
(e) = 5000 |
(f) = 7000 |
(g) = 10000 |
(h) = 100000 |
(i) = 200000 |