Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

1. Introduction

In recent years, there has been a great interest in studying the rational difference equations. These equations describe real life situations in stochastic time series, combinatorial analysis, electrical network, number theory, biology, genetics, probability theory, physics, ecology, statistical problems, and economics, for example [1–5]. It is so important to investigate the asymptotic behavior of solutions of a nonlinear difference equations and to discuss the boundedness, periodicity, and stability (local and global) of their equilibrium points; see [6–36] and references therein.

Kalabušić et al. [6] investigated the periodic nature, the boundedness character, and the global asymptotic stability of solutions of the difference equation

In [7], Elabbasy et al. got the solution and the periodicity character of the recursive sequence

Cinar [8] found the solution of the difference equation

In [9] Obaid et al. studied the global stability, boundedness, and the periodicity of solutions of the rational difference equation

Elsayed et al. [10] studied the dynamical analysis of rational difference equation

Elabbasy et al. [11] obtained the global behavior of the solutions of the difference equation

Aloqeili [12] investigated the dynamics of the difference equation

The aim of this paper is to study some qualitative behavior of the positive solutions of the difference equationwhere , and are real numbers and the initial conditions , and are positive real numbers such that .

2. Preliminaries

Let be some interval of real numbers and let be a continuously differentiable function. Then for every set of initial conditions , the difference equationhas a unique solution .

Definition 1 (equilibrium point). A point is called an equilibrium point of the difference equation (10) if That is, for is a solution of the difference equation (10) or, equivalently, is a fixed point of

Definition 2 (stability). Let be an equilibrium point of the difference equation (10). Then, we have the following:
(i) The equilibrium point of the difference equation (10) is called locally stable if for every ,there exists such that for all with we have (ii) The equilibrium point of the difference equation (10) is called locally asymptotically stable if is locally stable solution of (10) and there exists , such that, for all with we have (iii) The equilibrium point of the difference equation (10) is called global attractor if for all , we have (iv) The equilibrium point of the difference equation (10) is called globally asymptotically stable if is locally stable, and is also a global attractor of the difference equation (10).
(v) The equilibrium point of the difference equation (10) is called unstable if is not locally stable.

Definition 3 (periodicity). A sequence is said to be periodic with period if for all A sequence is said to be periodic with prime period if is the smallest positive integer having this property.

Definition 4 (Fibonacci sequence). The sequence , i.e., , is called Fibonacci sequence.

Definition 5. The linearized equation of the difference equation (10) about the equilibrium is the linear difference equationNow, assume that the characteristic equation associated with (17) iswhere

Theorem 6 (see [1]). Assume that , , and is nonnegative integer. Then is a sufficient condition for the asymptotic stability of the difference equation

Theorem 7 (see [2]). Let be a continuous function and be an interval of real numbers. Consider the difference equationAssume that satisfies the following conditions:
(i) is nondecreasing in and in for all and nonincreasing in for all and in
(2) If is a solution of the system then Then (22) has a unique equilibrium point and every solution of (22) converges to .

3. Dynamics of (8)

In this section, we study the local stability, global stability of the solutions, and the boundedness of

where , and are positive real numbers.

3.1. Local Stability of the Equilibrium Point

In this subsection, we study the local stability of the equilibrium point of (8).

Equation (8) has a unique equilibrium point and is given by or If , then the only equilibrium point is .

Theorem 8. LetThen the equilibrium point of (8) is locally asymptotically stable.

Proof. Let be a continuous function defined by Therefore, it follows that Thenand the linearized equation of (8) about is It follows by Theorem 6 that (8) is asymptotically stable if and only if and so and, thus, The proof is complete.

Example 9. Figure 1 shows that the zero solution of the difference Equation (8) is local stability if , , , and and the initial conditions , , , , and .