Quantifying Urban Sprawl and Its Driving Forces in China
Table 7
The direct, indirect, and total effects of the central region.
Variables
Urban Sprawl
Population Density
Direct Effect
Indirect Effect
Total Effect
Direct Effect
Indirect Effect
Total Effect
1.281∗∗∗
0.493
1.774∗∗∗
-0.097
0.045
-0.052
(3.305)
(0.899)
(2.661)
(-0.722)
(0.232)
(-0.221)
1.073∗∗∗
0.523
1.596∗∗∗
-0.119
-0.009
-0.127
(3.442)
(1.220)
(3.240)
(-1.117)
(-0.056)
(-0.713)
-0.225∗∗∗
-0.088
-0.313∗∗
0.019
-0.014
0.006
(-3.027)
(-0.836)
(-2.452)
(0.757)
(-0.369)
(0.126)
-0.021
0.037
0.016
0.004
0.003
0.008
(-0.965)
(1.176)
(0.424)
(0.594)
(0.299)
(0.548)
-0.059
0.055
-0.003
-0.006
0.024
0.018
(-1.099)
(0.499)
(-0.027)
(-0.319)
(0.614)
(0.405)
-0.017
0.012
-0.005
0.022
0.057
0.080∗
(-0.291)
(0.113)
(-0.044)
(1.128)
(1.517)
(1.776)
0.041
0.278∗∗∗
0.318∗∗∗
-0.032∗∗
-0.091∗∗
-0.124∗∗∗
(0.903)
(2.767)
(2.926)
(-2.088)
(-2.399)
(-2.945)
-0.087
-0.383∗∗∗
-0.469∗∗∗
0.070∗∗∗
-0.007
0.063
(-1.400)
(-3.065)
(-3.221)
(3.316)
(-0.157)
(1.201)
-0.024
0.066
0.042
0.001
-0.098∗∗
-0.097∗∗
(-0.447)
(0.580)
(0.324)
(0.048)
(-2.387)
(-2.111)
Notes: the t-statistical information is provided in the parentheses; ∗∗∗, ∗∗, and ∗ stand for the denote statistical significance degree (1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively).
