Review Article

Governments’ Policy Response to Drought in Eswatini and Lesotho: A Systematic Review of the Characteristics, Comprehensiveness, and Quality of Existing Policies to Improve Community Resilience to Drought Hazards

Table 3

Included policy category, focus, and target in Eswatini and Lesotho.

Author, year, and referenceDocument categoryThematic areaTarget group

Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, 2019 [62]Nonstatutory (soft) policyEconomic growth and developmentGeneral public
Government of Swaziland, 2013 [63]Nonstatutory (soft) policyEconomic growth and developmentGeneral public
National Disaster Management Agency and UNDP, 2011 [52]Nonstatutory (soft) policyDisaster risk reductionGeneral public
National Disaster Management Agency, 2015 [64]Nonstatutory (soft) policyDrought risk mitigation and adaptationGeneral public
FAO and Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives (MOAC), 2005 [65]Nonstatutory (soft) policyAgriculture, food availability, and accessGeneral public
Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs, 2016 [66]Nonstatutory (soft) policyClimate change adaptation and mitigationGeneral public
MOAC, 2005 [67]Nonstatutory (soft) policyFood security, food access, and diet diversificationGeneral public
Ministry for Public Works and Transport, 2002 [68]Nonstatutory (soft) policyClimate change adaptation and mitigationInternational community and affected communities
Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs, 2012 [69]Nonstatutory (soft) policyClimate change adaptation and mitigationInternational community and affected communities
National Disaster Management Agency and UNDP, 2008 [70]Nonstatutory (soft) policyDisaster risk reductionInternational community and affected communities
Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs, 2016 [71]Nonstatutory (soft) policyClimate change adaptation and mitigationInternational community
Swaziland Environment Authority (SEA), 1997 [72]Nonstatutory (soft) policyEnvironmental protectionGovernment public
Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, 2007 [73]Nonstatutory (soft) policyPoverty and vulnerability reductionGeneral public
National Meteorological Service, 2015 [74]Nonstatutory (soft) policyClimate change adaptation and mitigationInternational community
National Disaster Management Agency, 2015 [75]Nonstatutory (soft) policyDisaster risk reductionInternational community
National Disaster Management Agency, 2015 [76]Nonstatutory (soft) policyEmergency drought reliefDrought-affected communities
Kingdom of Swaziland, 2006 [77]Statutory (hard) policyDisaster governanceGeneral public
Government of Lesotho, 2008 [78]Statutory (hard) policyEnvironmental protectionGeneral public
Government of Lesotho, 1997 [79]Statutory (hard) policyDisaster governance.General public
Lesotho Meteorological Services, 2017 [53]Nonstatutory (soft) policyClimate change adaptation and mitigationGeneral public
Ministry of Development Planning, 2012 [80]Nonstatutory (soft) policyEconomic growth and developmentGeneral public
Disaster Management Authority, 2015 [81]Nonstatutory (soft) policyEmergency drought reliefDrought-affected communities
Ministry of Forestry Range and Soil Conservation, 2015 [82]Nonstatutory (soft) policyDrought and desertification mitigation and environmental protectionGeneral public
Lesotho Meteorological Services, 2000 [83]Nonstatutory (soft) policyClimate change adaptation and mitigationInternational community and affected communities
Lesotho Meteorological Services, 2013 [84]Nonstatutory (soft) policyClimate change adaptation and mitigationInternational community and affected communities
Lesotho Meteorological Services, 2007 [85]Nonstatutory (soft) policyClimate change adaptation and mitigationGeneral public
Lesotho Meteorological Services, 2017 [86]Nonstatutory (soft) policyClimate change adaptation and mitigationInternational community and general public
Disaster Management Authority, 2015 [87]Nonstatutory (soft) policyDisaster risk reductionInternational community
Ministry of Energy and Meteorology, 2018 [88]Nonstatutory (soft) policyClimate change adaptation and mitigationGeneral public
UNOCHA, 2016 [89]Nonstatutory (soft) policyEmergency drought relief appealInternational community
Southern African Development Community, 2010 [90]Nonstatutory (soft) policyClimate change adaptation and mitigationGeneral public
Southern African Development Community, 2016 [24]Nonstatutory (soft) policyEmergency drought relief appealInternational community