Note: R: retailer; R&S: retailer and supplier; OS: one stage; TS: two stages; MS: multistages; OUP: one unique price, i.e., no change in price; NUP: nonunique price; RP: random change in price; FR: fixed relationship; AM/MM: additive or multiplicative random mode; Copula-R: Copula relationship; OR: other relationship.