Chinaʼs Economic Growth, Energy Efficiency, and Industrial Development: Nonlinear Effects on Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Table 8

Granger causality test.

Null hypothesis:	F-statistic	Prob.
ΔPCG does not Granger-cause ΔCO2	15.0860	0.0003
ΔCO2 does not Granger-cause ΔPCG	25.7510	0.0000
ΔEI does not Granger-cause ΔCO2	4.07190	0.0495
ΔCO2 does not Granger-cause ΔEI	1.84189	0.1814
ΔIAV does not Granger-cause ΔCO2	15.5192	0.0003
ΔCO2 does not Granger-cause ΔIAV	17.0632	0.0002