Review Article

Regulation of Breast Cancer and Bone Metastasis by MicroRNAs

Table 2

Targets of tumor suppressor miRNAs and their role in cancer cells.

miRNATarget geneTechniquesShort descriptionReferences

miR-206ESR1WB, RT-PCR, LAmiR-206 decreases estrogen receptor (ER)alpha 1 expression and increases expression of hERalpha2. It also causes posttranscriptional regulation of ERalpha in breast cancer.[98]
ESR1WB, RT-PCR, LAmiR-206 directly targets ERalpha in 3′UTR reporter assays.[115]
METLAExpression of c-Met protein is down regulated by miR-206. miR-206 expression in tumor cells shows delayed growth, and it could function as a potent tumor suppressor in c-Met-overexpressing tumors.[116]
NOTCH3WB, RT-PCR, LAmiR-206 acts as oncogene as well as tumor suppressor gene. It induces apoptotic cell death and blocks antiapoptotic activity by targeting Notch3. [117]
CyclinD2WB, RT-PCR, LAmiR-206 targets two binding sites in the 3′UTR of cyclin D2 mRNA and suppresses cell proliferation and colony formation at G1/S transition.[102]

miR-31RHOAWB, RT-PCR, LAmiR-31 expresses inversely with metastasis in human breast cancer patients via suppression of metastasis promoting genes RhoA.[103]
FIHWB, RT-PCR, LAmiR-31 targets FIH, a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) regulatory factor, that inhibits the ability of HIF to act as a transcriptional regulator under normoxic conditions.[118]
ITGA5, RDX, MMP16, fzd3, MPRIP LA, ImmunoBlotmiR-31 expresses inversely with metastasis in human breast cancer patients via suppression of metastasis-promoting genes Fzd3, ITGA5, MMP16, MPRIP, and RDX. [103]
SATB2WB, RT-PCR, LASATB2 increases tumor cell migration and invasion while miR-31 is down regulated.[104]

miR-146CXCR4LAmiR-146a expression decreases CXCR4 and inhibits proliferation, differentiation, and maturation as well as MK colony formation.[119]
CCNA2, PA2G4, BRCA1MmiR-146a decreases expression of cell cycle related genes. [120]
IRF-5, STAT1WB, LAmiR-146a expression reduces induction of type I IFN in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).[109]
FADDWB, LAmiR-146a expression impairs both activator protein AP-1 activity and interleukin-2 production induced by TCR engagement.[121]
MCP-2 ELISA, LA, miR-146a maintains HIV-mediated chronic inflammation of brain by decreasing the level of MCP2.[122]
TBP WB, LAmiR-146a targets TBP in Huntington disease pathogenesis.[123]
MMP16LAmiR-146b increases glioma cell migration and invasion via MMPs.[124]

miR-91AIB1WBmiR-91 represses translation of AIB1.[112]
CCND1RT-PCRmiR-91 inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation by targeting cyclin D1.[113]
E2F1RT-PCRmiR-91 down regulates the function of E2F1 by inhibiting AIB1.[112]

WB: Western Blot; RT-PCR: Real Time-PCR; LA: Luciferase Assay; M: Microarray.