Disease Markers / 2013 / Article / Tab 1 / Review Article
Increased Glutamate and Homocysteine and Decreased Glutamine Levels in Autism: A Review and Strategies for Future Studies of Amino Acids in Autism Table 1 A summary of the studies regarding amino acids in children with autism.
Study Methodological issues Main findings Shimmura et al. [9 ] Comparing the levels of 25 amino acids, including glutamate and glutamine, in the platelet-poor plasma of drug-naive, male children with high-functioning autism (HFA) would be altered compared with those of normal controls using high-performance liquid chromatography Plasma glutamate: HFA* group > control, Moreno-Fuenmayor et al. [15 ] Plasma amino acid levels were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 14 children with autism aged less than 10 years Glutamic: autism > normal values Aldred et al. [10 ] Plasma amino acid levels were compared between autistic and Asperger syndrome children and their siblings, parents, and their aged matched controls Glutamic acid: autism > controls Tu et al. [16 ] Plasma amino acids profiles of 20 children with autism were compared with those of age and gender matched group of children Lysine: autism > controls Tirouvanziam et al. [17 ] Compared plasma amino acid levels in children with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD,
) and neurotypically developing controls (
) Glutamate: autism > controls
*High functioning autism.
