Research Article
Markers of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Focus on Oxidized-LDL and HDL Subpopulations
Table 2
Lipid profile and markers of inflammation, angiogenesis, and endothelial lesion of the study groups.
| | Parameters | Men population () | Women population () | P
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| Premenopause () | Postmenopause () | P
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| | Llipid profile | | Total-c, mmol/L | 5.53 ± 0.13 | 5.16 ± 0.10 | 0.001 | 4.99 ± 0.10 | 5.55 ± 0.21 | 0.063 | | TGs, mmol/L | 1.29 ± 0.08 | 1.00 ± 0.05 | 0.000 | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 1.18 ± 0.11 | 0.145 | | LDL-c, mmol/L | 3.58 ± 0.12 | 3.13 ± 0.09 | 0.000 | 2.96 ± 0.09 | 3.54 ± 0.20 | 0.005 | | Ox-LDL, U/L | 49.21 ± 2.29 | 31.42 ± 1.50 | 0.000 | 28.51 ± 1.44 | 36.46 ± 2.98 | 0.009 | | Ox-LDL/LDL-c ratio | 13.69 ± 0.50 | 9.95 ± 0.31 | 0.000 | 9.66 ± 0.41 | 10.43 ± 0.46 | 0.352 | | HDL-c, mmol/L | | | | | | | | Total HDL-c | 1.34 ± 0.05 | 1.54 ± 0.04 | 0.000 | 1.59 ± 0.05 | 1.43 ± 0.08 | 0.001 | | Large HDL-c | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.66 ± 0.04 | 0.000 | 0.70 ± 0.06 | 0.60 ± 0.07 | 0.014 | | Intermed HDL-c | 0.64 ± 0.02 | 0.64 ± 0.02 | 0.458 | 0.65 ± 0.03 | 0.62 ± 0.02 | 0.490 | | Small HDL-c | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.22 ± 0.02 | 0.071 | 0.22 ± 0.02 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.833 | | Non-HDL-c, mmol/L | 4.19 ± 0.13 | 3.62 ± 0.10 | 0.000 | 3.40 ± 0.10 | 4.12 ± 0.22 | 0.002 | | Total-c/HDL-c ratio | 4.38 ± 0.17 | 3.56 ± 0.14 | 0.000 | 3.31 ± 0.13 | 4.16 ± 0.34 | 0.000 | | LDL-c/HDL-c ratio | 2.86 ± 0.14 | 2.21 ± 0.12 | 0.000 | 2.00 ± 0.11 | 2.70 ± 0.28 | 0.000 | | PON1 (nmol p-nitrofenol/mL/min) | 513.96 ± 17.93 | 441.57 ± 16.09 | 0.008 | 429.63 ± 18.66 | 470.22 ± 31.27 | 0.274 |
| | Markers of inflammation, angiogenesis, and endothelial lesion | | hsCRP, g/mL | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.33 ± 0.09 | 0.019 | 0.22 ± 0.08 | 0.51 ± 0.20 | 0.002 | | VEGF, pg/mL | 403.99 ± 56.57 | 325.82 ± 34.82 | 0.143 | 316.85 ± 41.15 | 342.27 ± 65.08 | 0.047 | | TNF-, pg/mL | 4.23 ± 0.50 | 1.81 ± 0.27 | 0.000 | 1.74 ± 0.41 | 1.93 ± 0.22 | 0.135 | | Adiponectin, µg/mL | 9.88 ± 0.91 | 10.87 ± 0.93 | 0.015 | 10.88 ± 1.15 | 10.85 ± 1.61 | 0.195 | | ICAM-1, ng/mL | 566.64 ± 177.37 | 555.06 ± 80.02 | 0.912 | 581.69 ± 125.52 | 524.63 ± 98.49 | 0.710 | | Uric acid, mmol/L | 0.36 ± 0.01 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.000 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.27 ± 0.02 | 0.130 |
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Results are presented as mean ± SEM. P values adjusted for age and BMI. hsCRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule 1; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Ox-LDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein; PON1: paraoxonase 1; TGs: triglycerides; TNF-: tumour necrosis factor alpha; Total-c: total cholesterol; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.
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