Low Paraoxonase 1 Activity Predicts Mortality in Surgical Patients with Sepsis

Table 1

General characteristics, PON1 activities, oxidative stress, inflammation, and biochemical parameters on admission to ICU (0 h), 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h later.

	Controls	Sepsis 0 h	Sepsis 24 h	Sepsis 48 h	Sepsis 72 h	Sepsis 96 h
Age (years)	61.0 [54.5–69.0]	62.0 [54.5--74.0]	—	—	—	—
Gender (m/f)	36/33	36/33	—	—	—	—
APACHE II	—	23 [19--35]	20 [14--28]	23 [13--31]	23 [11--28]	25 [15--30]
SOFA	—	7 [3--14]	6 [2--8]	6 [0--11]	8 [4--14]	8 [2--13]
POase (U/L)	321.8 [159.7–548.6]	89.0 [38.0–140.0]^a	78.0 [55.0–117.0]^a	76.0 [50.5–114.5]^a	77.0 [41.0–119.0]^a	69.0 [48.5–118.0]^a
DZOase (U/L)	10822.9 [785.4–14613.7]	3263.0 [2496.5–4981.5]^a	3037.0 [2754.5–6829.5]^a	3046.0 [2378.0–4467.0]^a	3058.0 [3016.0–4130.5]^a	5737.0 [4871.5–7158.5]^a
TAS (μmol/L)	1114.2 [1032.8–1212.2]	714.0 [532.0–954.0]^a	899.0 [597.0–988.0]^a	696.0 [588.0–963.0]^a	984.0 [621.0–1076.0]^a	1049.0 [752.9–1071.0]^a
TOS (μmol/L)	4.65 [3.60–5.40]	6.05 [4.00–11.50]^a	5.35 [3.00–10.10]	5.80 [2.80–12.00]	7.20 [3.60–8.80]^a	4.20 [3.10–7.25]
PAB (HKU)	14.3 [11.5–15.6]	23.7 [10.0–83.3]^a	13.1 [5.9–59.4]	42.7 [11.0–91.9]^a	12.2 [4.4–48.5]	12.8 [5.7–74.0]
MDA (μmol/L)	0.85 [0.41–1.11]	1.09 [0.70–1.52]^a	1.91 [1.13–2.85]^a	1.05 [0.83–1.38]^a	1.42 [1.07–2.64]^a	1.99 [1.11–2.42]^a
WBC × 10^9/L	—	15.9 [10.3–20.4]	10.8 [8.3–16.9]	12.4 [8.5–17.7]	13.3 [8.1–16.3]	14.6 [9.0–21.7]
CRP (mg/L)	—	172.1 [78.3–226.1]	141.9 [97.8–204.0]	136.6 [102.9–193.4]	93.0 [87.5–150.1]	61.2 [55.2–161]
PCT (μg/L)	—	3.9 [1.6–14.0]	9.8 [4.5–31.2]	3.7 [1.3–8.6]	28.2 [6.1–48.4]	9.2 [4.5–16.8]
Urea (mmo/L)	—	10.6 [5.7–18.9]	13.5 [9.1–21.1]	11.5 [4.3–18.7]	19.4 [12.3–27.5]	24.2 [14.2–28.7]
Creatinine (μmol/L)	—	112.5 [91.0–168.1]	136.7 [80.9–176.8]	107.4 [75.4–156.3]	129.1 [82.1–259.7]	188.2 [105.0–275.2]
Bilirubin (μmol/L)	—	14.6 [7.8–22.3]	24.5 [13.1–72.7]	10.4 [8.2–19.1]	20.7 [13.7–48.0]	18.4 [9.2–56.5]
AST (IU/L)	—	28 [16--76]	57 [29--88]	25 [14--42]	24 [19--116]	26 [21--111]
ALT (IU/L)	—	23 [12--59]	38 [19--79]	18 [13--37]	29 [23--76]	26 [17--82]
Lactate (mmol/L)	—	1.3 [1.0–3.2]	1.5 [0.9–2.2]	1.5 [1.2–3.3]	1.8 [1.1–2.6]	1.3 [1.2–3.6]

Data are presented as median and 25th–75th percentile values. ^aCompared to control group, 𝑃<0.05—Mann-Whitney 𝑈 test. APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score; TAS: total antioxidant status; TOS: total oxidant status; PAB: prooxidant-antioxidant balance; MDA: malondialdehyde; WBC: white blood cells; CRP: C reactive protein; PCT: procalcitonin (PCT); AST: aspartate-aminotransferase; ALT: alanine-aminotransferase.