Calcium Channel Autoantibodies Predicted Sudden Cardiac Death and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Ischemic and Nonischemic Chronic Heart Failure

Table 3

Characteristics of CHF patients with CC-AAbs positive and negative.

Characteristics	DCM (𝑛=732)		𝑃	ICM (𝑛=1099)		𝑃
	CC-AAb(+) (𝑛=43)	CC-AAb(−) (𝑛=689)		CC-AAb(+) (𝑛=51)	CC-AAb (−) (𝑛=1048)
Age (years)	59.14±13.61	58.84±14.48	0.895	67.69±12.26	67.88±10.39	0.899
Male gender, 𝑛 (%)	34 (79.07%)	524 (76.05%)	0.869	40 (78.43%)	845 (80.63%)	0.898
MHR (beats/min)	79.29±17.98	79.71±18.95	0.883	74.73±18.21	72.46±14.16	0.273
Hypertension, 𝑛 (%)	11 (25.58%)	231 (33.53%)	0.434	30 (58.82%)	642 (61.26%)	0.863
Hyperlipidemia, 𝑛 (%)	3 (6.98%)	73 (10.60%)	0.793	18 (35.29%)	256 (24.43%)	0.191
Diabetes mellitus, 𝑛 (%)	5 (11.63%)	115 (16.69%)	0.452	15 (29.41%)	302 (28.82%)	0.946
PVC, 𝑛 (%)	14 (32.56%)	178 (25.83%)	0.467	7 (13.73%)	210 (20.04%)	0.353
AF, 𝑛 (%)	11 (25.58%)	166 (24.09%)	0.864	4 (7.84%)	126 (12.02%)	0.415
QRS duration (ms)	110.71±35.66	113.82±38.41	0.610	103.25±22.58	104.96±42.76	0.777
QTc (ms)	463.61±67.32	445.50±104.37	0.268	452.41±95.50	444.10±88.34	0.514
NYHA
II	11 (25.58%)	146 (21.19%)	0.590	25 (49.02%)	557 (53.15%)	0.746
III	18 (41.86%)	288 (41.80%)	0.996	17 (33.33%)	321 (30.63%)	0.768
IV	14 (32.56%)	255 (37.01%)	0.685	9 (17.65%)	170 (16.22%)	0.820
LVEF (%)	33.46±7.63	32.88±9.92	0.718	41.38±8.40	41.31±8.69	0.958
LVEDD (mm)	66.87±8.99	66.06±12.13	0.686	56.10±7.57	57.66±9.31	0.254
BNP (pg/mL)	2139.17±336.68	2089.10±367.98	0.385	1984.44±308.64	1982.79±396.77	0.971
Treatments
ACEI, 𝑛 (%)	26 (60.47%)	411 (59.65%)	0.958	34 (66.67%)	676 (64.50%)	0.884
Diuretic, 𝑛 (%)	36 (83.72%)	529 (76.77%)	0.710	37 (72.55%)	704 (67.18%)	0.728
Digoxin, 𝑛 (%)	35 (81.40%)	448 (65.02%)	0.340	34 (67.94%)	663 (65.29%)	0.826
𝛽-blockers, 𝑛 (%)	37 (86.05%)	533 (77.36%)	0.646	41 (80.39%)	735 (70.13%)	0.817
CCBs, 𝑛 (%)	3 (6.98%)	21 (3.05%)	0.182	11 (21.57%)	237 (22.61%)	0.889
ICD, 𝑛 (%)	2 (4.65%)	8 (1.16%)	0.119	3 (5.88%)	25 (2.39%)	0.147

Values are mean ± SD or number (%). 𝑃<0.05 was considered significant comparing with NSCD group. PVC indicated frequent premature ventricular beats (more than 3000 beats/24 h). AF: atrial fibrillation; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; BMI: body mass index; CHF: chronic heart failure; NYHA: New York Heart Association; CC-AAbs: calcium channel autoantibodies; DCM: dilated cardiomyopathy; ICM: ischaemic cardiomyopathy; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MHR: mean heart rate; ICD: implantable cardioverter defibrillator; SCD: sudden cardiac death; NSCD: nonsudden cardiac death.