|
| First author (Year) | Country | Research type | Sample size | Age (years) | Periodontal parameters (mm) | Oxidative stress biomarkers |
| (males/females) | (mean ± SD or mean, min–max) | (mean ± SD or median, min–max or 25%–75%) |
| Case | Control | Case | Control | Case | Control |
|
| Thomas (2014) [24] | India | Intervention study | 50 (N/A) | 50 (N/A) | 35–65 | 35–65 | N/A | N/A | Serum: TAOC, SOD |
| Thomas (2014) [25] | India | Intervention study | 25 (N/A) | 25 (N/A) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Serum: TAOC, catalase |
| Singh (2014) [26] | India | Cross-sectional | 38 (8/30) | 22 (6/16) | 37.5, 17–58 | 27.5, 22–50 | PD: 3.61 (2.31–4.96)
CAL: 3.99 (1.66–6.79) | PD: 1.19 (0.17–2.18)
CAL: 0.15 (0.04–1.44) | Serum: SOD |
|
Baltaciolu(2014) [27] | Turkey | Case control | 30 (14/16) | 28 (13/15) | 32.70 ± 5.16 | 28.14 ± 3.96 | PD: 3.60 (3–4.30)
CAL: 3.88 (3.38–4.30) | PD: 1 (0.25–1.50)
CAL: 1.25 (0.50–1.75) | Serum: TOS |
| Baltacıoğlu (2014) [28] | Turkey | Case control | 33 (16/17) | 30 (16/14) | 32.55 ± 5.32 | 30.10 ± 4.06 | PD: 4.03 (3.79–4.19)
CAL: 1.4 (1.15–1.65) | PD: 1 (0.5–1.2)
CAL: 0.75 (0.5–1.31) | Serum: MDA, TOS, TAOC, OSI |
| Chaudhary (2014) [29] | India | Intervention study | 15 (9/6) | 15 (7/8) | 35.6 ± 5.79 | 32.8 ± 6.38 | PD: 2.59 ± 0.23
CAL: 2.69 ± 0.22 | PD: 1.53 ± 0.21
CAL: 1.45 ± 0.19 | Plasma: ROM |
| Chakraborty (2014) [30] | India | Case control | 20 (0/20) | 22 (0/22) | 35.90 ± 4.14 | 33.13 ± 6.38 | PD: 3.30 ± 0.63
CAL: 3.93 ± 1.01 | PD: 1.22 ± 0.63
CAL: 0.23 ± 0.32 | Serum: SOD |
| Trivedi (2014) [14] | India | Case control | 30 (11/19) | 30 (6/24) | N/A | N/A | PD: 4.16 ± 0.47
CAL: 4.73 ± 0.55 | PD: 1.77 ± 0.21
CAL: 1.82 ± 0.21 | Plasma: MDA |
| Pradeep (2013) [31] | India | Case control | 15 (N/A) | 10 (N/A) | 35.80 ± 5.93 | 28.20 ± 4.31 | PD: 6.93 ± 1.48
CAL: 6.13 ± 1.18 | PD: 1.70 ± 0.48
CAL: N/A | Serum: HNE |
| Thomas (2013) [32] | India | Case control | 50 (N/A) | 50 (N/A) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Serum: glutathione, catalase, selenium |
| Akpinar (2013) [33] | Turkey | Intervention study | 15 (7/8) | 10 (5/5) | 37.7 ± 5.9 | 37.0 ± 7.4 | PD: 5 (3–5)
CAL: 8 (7–10) | PD: 1 (1-2)
CAL: 0 | Serum: TAS, TOS |
| Sezer (2013) [34] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 20 (6/14) | 20 (6/14) | 45.50 ± 7.50 | 40.75 ± 10.26 | PD: 3.42 ± 0.43
CAL: 3.69 ± 0.49 | PD: 2.18 ± 0.90
CAL: 0.32 ± 0.23 | Serum: TAS, TOS, ARE, CRL, LOOH, prolidase, OSI |
| Wadhwa (2013) [35] | India | Case control | 20 (N/A) | 20 (N/A) | N/A | N/A | PD: 4.35 ± 0.56
CAL: 6.51 ± 0.40 | PD: 0.84 ± 0.21
CAL: N/A | Serum: NO |
|
Mani Sundar(2013) [36] | India | Cross-sectional | 20 (N/A) | 20 (N/A) | 25–55 | 25–55 | N/A | N/A | Serum: NO |
| Konuganti (2012) [37] | India | Case control | 15 (N/A) | 15 (N/A) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Whole blood: TAOC |
| Patel (2012) [38] | India | Intervention study | 10 (5/5) | 10 (5/5) | 35.10 ± 2.51 | 35.10 ± 2.02 | PD: 6.1
CAL: 4.1 | PD: 1.3
CAL: 0 | Serum: GPx |
| Esen (2012) [39] | Turkey | Case control | 20 (4/16) | 20 (4/16) | 42.85 ± 9.6 | 40.05 ± 9.8 | PD: 6.17 (5.33–6.50)
CAL: 6.33 (5.67–7.09) | PD: 1.92 (1.67–2.33)
CAL: 0.02 (0.01-0.02) | Serum: TAS, TOS, OSI |
| Dhotre (2012) [40] | India | Case control | 25 (N/A) | 25 (N/A) | (N/A) | (N/A) | N/A | N/A | Serum: MDA, NO, SOD, GPx
Plasma: TAOC |
| Tamaki (2011) [41] | Japan | Intervention study | 22 (10/12) | 22 (10/12) | 44.0 ± 19.2 | 43.9 ± 20.0 | PD: 2.1 (1.7–2.9)
CAL: 2.3 (1.8–3.0) | PD: 1.8 (1.6–1.9)
CAL: 1.8 (1.6–1.9) | Plasma: oxLDL, ROM, oxidative-index |
| Thomas (2010) [42] | India | Case control | 20 (N/A) | 20 (N/A) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Serum: vitamin C |
|
Sulaiman(2010) [12] | Syria | Intervention study | 30 (9/21) | 30 (9/21) | 41, 23–65 | 34, 25–59 | PD: 3.43 ± 0.45
CAL: 3.52 ± 0.44 | N/A | Plasma: TAOC |
| Wei (2010) [13] | China | Intervention study | 48 (27/21) | 35 (19/16) | 40.1 ± 7.3 | 42.1 ± 7.7 | PD: 3.81 ± 0.44
CAL: 4.65 ± 0.91 | PD: 1.21 ± 0.23
CAL: 0.49 ± 0.33 | Serum: MDA, TOS, SOD |
| Menaka (2009) [43] | India | Case control | 30 | 30 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Serum: NO |
| Tamaki (2009) [44] | Japan | Intervention study | 19 (7/12) | 19 (7/12) | 46.8 ± 19.1 | 45.3 ± 20.7 | PD: 2.3 ± 0.7
CAL: 2.5 ± 0.9 | PD: 1.7 ± 0.3
CAL: N/A | Plasma: ROM |
| Akalin (2009) [45] | Turkey | Case control | 27 (0/27) | 25 (0/27) | 29.3 ± 3.94 | 29.73 ± 3.71 | PD: 3.19 ± 0.16
CAL: 3.36 ± 0.25 | PD: 1.25 ± 0.18
CAL: 1.49 ± 0.2 | Serum: TAOC, SOD |
| Baltacioğlu (2008) [46] | Turkey | Case control | 33 (17/16) | 24 (11/13) | 40.5 ± 5.5 | 39.3 ± 5.7 | PD: 4 (3–5.3)
CAL: 4.2 (2.5–7.2) | PD: 1.25 (0.5–1.9)
CAL: 0.3 (0–0.8) | Serum: protein carbonyl |
| Konopka (2007) [47] | Poland | Case control | 30 (15/15) | 25 (10/15) | 44.9, 35–55 | 33.2, 22–50 | PD: 4.02 ± 0.84
CAL: N/A | PD: 1.94 ± 0.21
CAL: N/A | Serum: 8-OHdG, TAS |
| Akalin (2007) [48] | Turkey | Case control | 36 (19/17) | 28 (13/15) | 40.66 ± 5.31 | 38.5 ± 6.10 | PD: 3.92 ± 0.52
CAL: 4.45 ± 0.86 | PD: 1.18 ± 0.38
CAL: 0.27 ± 0.25 | Serum: MDA, TOS |
| Chapple (2007) [49] | UK | Intervention study | 35 (12/23) | 32 (N/A) | N/A | N/A | PD: 3.6 ± 0.5
CAL: N/A | PD: N/A
CAL: N/A | Plasma: TAOC |
|
Baltacıoğlu(2006) [50] | Turkey | Case control | 31 (0/31) | 26 (0/31) | 37.4 ± 5.4 | 37.1 ± 4.2 | PD: 3.56 ± 0.45
CAL: 3.82 ± 0.54 | PD: 1.41 ± 0.25
CAL: 1.61 ± 0.27 | Serum: TAOC, SOD |
| Chapple (2002) [51] | UK | Case control | 10 (5/5) | 10 (5/5) | 46.1 | 46.9 | PD: 2.9 ± 0.59
CAL: N/A | PD: N/A
CAL: N/A | Plasma: TAOC |
|
