Vascular Effects of Advanced Glycation End-Products: Content of Immunohistochemically Detected AGEs in Radial Artery Samples as a Predictor for Arterial Calcification and Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 1
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of stage 5 CKD patients at the start of the study.
Intensity of AGEs staining > median ()
Intensity of AGEs staining ≤ median ()
Age, years
63.1 ± 14.9
59.2 ± 17.2
0.4
Male gender, (%)
18 (67)
16 (59)
0.6
Hemodialyzed, (%)
19 (70)
14 (52)
0.2
Dialysis duration, monthsa
7 (2–32)
11 (2–38)
0.7
BMI, kg/m2
27.5 ± 6.1
25.1 ± 5.4
0.067
Diabetes, (%)
9 (33)
7 (26)
0.6
Active smoking, (%)
10 (37)
6 (22)
0.2
Hypertension, (%)
11 (41)
11 (41)
1.0
MAP, mmHg
102 ± 12
103 ± 13
0.6
Serum creatinine, μmol/L
464 (405–596)
446 (313–510)
0.1
eGFR (MDRD), mL/min/1.73 m2a
12 (10–14)
14 (10–19)
0.4
Albumin, g/L
41.7 ± 3.4
40.1 ± 6.0
0.4
Total cholesterol, mmol/L
4.65 ± 1.27
4.97 ± 1.76
0.6
HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L
1.23 ± 0.38
1.30 ± 0.40
0.6
LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L
2.56 ± 1.00
2.70 ± 1.41
0.8
Triglycerides, mmol/L
1.98 ± 1.17
2.10 ± 1.00
0.4
Fasting glucose, mmol/L
5.30 (4.80–7.90)
5.00 (4.40–5.40)
0.2
Insulin, U/mLb
10.7 (6.2–23.8)
8.4 (5.2–12.1)
0.3
HOMA-IRb
2.28 (1.32–4.85)
1.68 (1.08–2.68)
0.2
Ca × Pi, mmol2/L2
3.59 (2.87–4.46)
3.04 (2.91–3.70)
0.4
iPTH, pg/mL
286 (186–524)
265 (153–343)
0.4
OPN, ng/mL
340 (225–681)
315 (215–438)
0.3
OPG, pmol/L
7.80 (5.76–10.61)
7.43 (3.03–12.52)
0.5
OC, ng/mL
44.2 (33.6–78.2)
41.8 (24.6–61.8)
0.2
FGF-23, RU/mL
1148 (487–5066)
970 (435–1468)
0.3
Fetuin-A, g/L
0.27 ± 0.06
0.23 ± 0.04
0.042
CRP, mg/L
9.64 (2.97–19.00)
4.80 (2.19–17.90)
0.5
IL-6, pg/mL
4.58 (1.86–6.36)
3.89 (2.18–8.22)
0.7
uric acid,
349 (234–426)
355 (259–432)
0.9
FRAP, mM/L
0.75 (0.62–1.21)
0.74 (0.52–1.06)
0.5
FRASC, M/L
46.8 (41.0–58.9)
50.2 (43.1–57.3)
0.9
DPPH, %
43.4 (37.4–68.0)
36.8 (33.0–40.5)
0.007
PAI-1, ng/mL
1.92 (1.58–2.57)
1.16 (0.95–1.77)
0.011
Plasma AGEs, ng/mL
537 (274–741)
492 (251–2570)
0.8
Plasma sRAGE, ng/mL
1.75 (1.09–2.73)
1.91 (1.32–2.72)
0.7
Plasma AGEs/sRAGE
412 (116–777)
264 (132–1455)
0.7
AGEs in radial artery, arbitrary units
80.9 ± 18.7
33.6 ± 9.5
—
Data for hemodialyzed patients; bdata for patients without diabetes.
