CSF Levels of Angiopoietin-2 Do Not Differ between Patients with CSF Fluid Leakage Syndrome and Controls

Table 1

Overview of demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics. CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; BMI: body mass index; DD: disease duration (defined as the time period from first onset of symptoms); m: male; f: female; n.d.: not done; and n.a.: not applicable.

(a)

Subjects	Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects with CSF leakage
	Age (years)	Gender	BMI	Relevant comorbidities	Symptoms	Orthostatic symptoms	DD (days)	Prior traumatic event	Other events before disease onset
1	50	f	24.7	None	Headache left frontal	Yes	30	No	Physical exertion
2	40	f	18.4	Marfan’s syndrome, Arnold-Chiari I malformation, and depressive disorder	Occipital and temporal headache	Yes	14	No	No
3	43	m	26	None	Occipital headache	Yes	10	No	No
4	45	f	23.7	Migraine with aura	Occipital headache, pressure feeling in left ear, diplopia, and paresthesia in left arm and leg	Yes	173	No	No
5	72	f	14.7	Subtotal colectomy, short bowel syndrome, cachexia, chronic gastritis, and numerous intestinal operations due to recurrent ileus	Occipital headache, vertigo	Yes	360	No	No
6	30	f	21.5	None	Holocephalic headache	Yes	30	No	No
7	44	m	25.2	Arterial hypertension	Holocephalic headache, vertigo, vomiting, diplopia, and paresthesia in left arm and leg	Yes	196	Fenestration of a spinal arachnoid cyst T2–4	Decompression surgery due to disc herniation at the level of C5/6
8	23	f	22.8	None	Occipital headache, vertigo, and photosensitivity	Yes	4	No	No
9	44	f	20.2	None	Occipital headache, vertigo, vomiting, and abducens nerve palsy	Yes	2	No	No
10	52	f	23.4	Cervical conisation due to cervix carcinoma and decompression surgery due to disc herniation at the level of L5/S1	Holocephalic headache	Protracted	202	No	No

(b)

Subjects	Radiological characteristics of subjects with CSF leakage
	Method of detection	Level of leakage	CSF scintigraphy	Early detection (in the bladder)	Meningeal enhancement (cranial MRI)	Subdural effusions (cranial MRI)
1	Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography	C1/2, T12	Not detected	Yes	Yes	Yes
2	Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography	L1/2, L2/3	n.d.	n.a.	n.d.	Yes
3	Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography	C7/T1, T1/2	C7/T1	Yes	Yes	Yes
4	Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography	C6/7, T1/2, T11, 12, L1/2, L3/4	L1/2, L3/4, T11/12	Yes	No	No
5	Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography	C5/6, C6/7 (nerve root cysts L4/5, S2/3, S3)	Not detected	Yes	Yes	Yes
6	Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography	C1/2, C5/6, C6/7, T12/L1	n.d.	n.a.	Yes	Yes
7	Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography	(Weak) C4/5, T1/2	Not detected	Yes	No	Yes
8	Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography	C7/T1, T1/2, T2/3	n.d.	n.a.	Yes	Yes
9	Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR myelography	C6/7, T1/2	n.d.	n.a.	Yes	Yes
10	MRI of the spine	Not detected (multiple nerve root cysts, 10 mm T1/2 and 25 mm S1/2)	S1/2	No	Yes	Yes

(c)

Controls	Demographic and clinical characteristics of control subjects
	Age (years)	Gender	BMI	Diagnosis	Relevant comorbidities
1	74	f	20.6	Axonal polyneuropathy	Arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation
2	45	m	26.6	Essential tremor	Alcohol dependence, recurrent depressive disorder
3	48	m	27.2	Multifocal motor neuropathy	Atopic dermatitis
4	55	f	25.7	Cervical vertigo	Disc herniation at the level of T6/7, asthma
5	65	m	31.2	Demyelinating neuropathy	Arterial hypertension, heart failure, psoriasis, gout
6	45	f	42.0	Axonal polyneuropathy	Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma, and anxiety disorder
7	48	f	19.2	Somatic symptom disorder	Depressive disorder, anxiety disorder
8	31	f	28.7	Axonal polyneuropathy	Borderline personality disorder
9	24	f	20.5	Somatic symptom disorder	None
10	59	m	22.5	Motor neuron disease	None