Research Article
Toward Noninvasive Diagnosis of IgA Nephropathy: A Pilot Urinary Metabolomic and Proteomic Study
Table 5
Mean values of concentrations of measured urinary analytes normalized to urinary creatinine for patients with IgAN and disease controls.
| Analyte | IgAN | Disease controls |
| Metabolomic markers | | | Malondialdehyde (ng/mg) | 6.3 | 6.2 | 4-Hydroxyhexenal (ng/mg) | 5.9 | 5.5 | 4-Hydroxynonenal (ng/mg) | 6.6 | 7.2 | Hexanal (ng/mg) | 5.5 | 4.6 | Heptanal (ng/mg) | 6.2 | 5.6 | Oktanal (ng/mg) | 3.0 | 2.6 | Nonanal (ng/mg) | 2.9 | 2.9 | Decanal (ng/mg) | 2.7 | 2.4 | Undodecanal (ng/mg) | 1.4 | 1.3 | 8-Hydroxyguanosine (pg/mg) | 65.6 | 54.6 | 5-Hydroxymethyluracil (pg/mg) | 32.6 | 30.2 | o-Tyrosine (pg/mg) | 18.1 | 16.0 | 3-Chlorotyrosine (pg/mg) | 10.0 | 8.6 | Leukotriene B4 (pg/mg) | 75.8 | 56.1 | 8-Isoprostane (pg/mg) | 8.4 | 7.4 | Leukotriene E4 (pg/mg) | 26.0 | 24.5 | Leukotriene D4 (pg/mg) | 12.4 | 12.3 | Leukotriene C4 (pg/mg) | 14.5 | 14.0 | Proteomic markers | | | Interleukin 6 (pg/mg) | 22.4 | 16.0 | Interleukin 8 (pg/mg) | 20.1 | 11.5 | Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (ng/mg) | 1.1 | 0.9 | EGF (ng/mg) | 0.5 | 0.6 | α1-Antitrypsin (ng/mg) | 10.8 | 7.8 | IgA-Uromodulin (ng/mg) | 99.1 | 40.3 | Galactose-deficient IgA1 (ng/mg) | 35.5 | 28.1 | Soluble transferrin receptor (ng/mg) | 7.8 | 7.1 | LG3 fragment of endorepellin (ng/mg) | 9.8 | 12.3 | Tumstatin (pg/mg) | 30.6 | 31.9 | Endostatin (pg/mg) | 36.4 | 35.7 | Heparan sulfate (μg/mg) | 0.4 | 0.2 |
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