|
| Author et al., year | Study design; setting; country | Number of patients | Mean age/age range in years | Gender (M/F) | Periodontitis diagnostic criteria | GCF sample site | Sample characteristics:
sample type; collection tool; and storage temperature |
|
| Duzagac et al. [17], 2015 | Prospective non-RCT; university clinic; Turkey | 45 | Group 1: 40.66 (28–52)
Group 2: 41.06 (28–51)
Group 3: 39.66 (30–52) | 19/26 | PD ≥ 4 mm in ≥30% sites, BOP in ≥50% of sites, CAL > 2 mm in ≥20% sites, and radiographic evidence of bone loss | NA | GCF; paper strips; −80°C |
|
| Gonçalves et al. [19], 2015 | Prospective non-RCT; university clinic; Brazil | 40 | Group 1: 50.0 (±4.5)
Group 2: 48.5 (±9.3) | 21/19 | PD and CAL ≥ 4 mm in >30% teeth | Two noncontiguous deep sites (PD and CAL ≥ 5 mm with BoP) | GCF; paper strips; −80°C |
|
| Pradeep et al. [20], 2015 | Cross-sectional; university clinic; India | 40 | Group 1: 32.5 (25–40)
Group 2: 30.9 (25–40)
Group 3: 31.0 (25–40)
Group 4: 31.4 (25–40) | 20/20 | PD ≥ 5 mm, GI > 1, and CAL ≥ 3 mm with clinical signs of inflammation | NA | GCF; paper strips; −70°C |
|
| Pradeep et al. [21], 2016 | Cross-sectional; university clinic; India | 40 | Group 1: 33.8 (±3.9)
Group 2: 35.1 (±3.9)
Group 3: 35.6 (±3.7)
Group 4: 34.3 (±4.06) | 20/20 | PD ≥ 5 mm, GI > 1, and CAL ≥ 3 mm with clinical signs of inflammation | NA | GCF; paper strips; −70°C |
|
| Öngöz Dede et al. [22], 2016 | Prospective non-RCT; university clinic; Turkey | 90 | Group 1: 47.13 (34–60)
Group 2: 38.47 (26–51)
Group 3: 35.73 (25–55)
Group 4: 31.53 (25–53)
Group 5: 41.33 (25–50)
Group 6: 29.60 (25–33) | 43/47 | GI ≥ 2, PD and CAL ≥ 5 mm, and bone loss affecting >30% teeth | ≥5 mm CAL, ≥6 mm PD, and ≥30% bone loss | GCF; paper strips; −40°C |
|
| Patel and Raju [23], 2014 | Cross-sectional; university clinic; India | 90 | Group 1: NA (23–54)
Group 2: NA (23–54)
Group 3: NA (23–54) | 45/45 | GI > 1, PD ≥ 5 mm, CAL ≥ 3 mm, and evidence of radiographic bone loss | CAL ≥ 3 mm | GCF; micropipettes; 1 L; −70°C |
|
| Fadel et al. [24], 2014 | Cross-sectional; obesity clinic; Sweden | 55 | Group 1: 15.0 (±1.0)
Group 2: 16.0 (±2.0) | 29/26 | NA | NA | GCF; paper strips; −80°C |
|
| Zimmermann et al. [6], 2013 | Cross-sectional; University clinic; Brazil | 78 | Group 1: 51.5 (±7.6)
Group 2: 47.8 (±7.7)
Group 3: 43.2 (±7.4)
Group 4: 42.9 (±7.2) | 21/57 | ≥30% sites with PD and CAL ≥ 4 mm and ≥4 noncontagious teeth with ≥1 site with PD and CAL ≥ 5 mm | Two noncontiguous deep sites (PD and CAL ≥ 5 mm with BoP) | GCF; paper strips; 4 L; −80°C |
|
| Pradeep et al. [25], 2013 | Cross-sectional; university clinic; India | 40 | Group 1: 31.6 (25–45)
Group 2: 32.8 (25–45)
Group 3: 33.2 (25–45)
Group 4: 31.4 (25–45) | 20/20 | PD ≥ 5 mm, GI > 1, and CAL ≥ 3 mm with clinical signs of inflammation | NA | GCF; paper strips; −70°C |
|
| Pradeep et al. [26], 2012 | Cross-sectional; university clinic; India | 40 | Group 1: 36.8 (25–45)
Group 2: 35.2 (25–45)
Group 3: 35.2 (25–45)
Group 4: 32.4 (25–45) | 20/20 | PD ≥ 5 mm, GI > 1, and CAL ≥ 3 mm with clinical signs of inflammation | NA | GCF; paper strips; −70°C |
|
| Modéer et al. [16], 2011 | Cross-sectional; university clinic; Sweden | 104 | Group 1: 14.5 (11.0–17.9)
Group 2: 14.5 (10.9–17.1) | 58/46 | ≥1 sites with PD > 4 mm and alveolar bone loss ≥ 2 mm | NA | GCF; paper strips; −70°C |
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