¹H NMR-Based Analysis of Serum Metabolites in Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertensive Rats

Table 1

Changes of metabolites after MCT injection.

Chemical shift; (ppm)	Metabolites	W1 versus W0				W2-3 versus W0				W4 versus W0
			VIP	Vary			VIP	Vary			VIP	Vary
3.70	Glucose	0.72	3.21	↑↑		0.52	4.04	↑		0.58	3.03	↓
1.34	Lactate	—	—	—		0.58	4.23	↓↓		0.73	8.77	↑↑	0.008
2.37	Pyruvate	0.69	1.1	↑↑		0.62	2.15	↓↓		0.79	4.15	↑↑	0.050
0.92	LDL/VLDL	—	—	—		0.64	2.4	↑↑		0.58	1.77	↓
3.67	Glycerol	0.85	3.27	↑↑	<0.001	0.89	4.18	↑↑	0.016	0.59	2.22	↑↑	0.001
1.20	3-Hydroxybutyrate (3-HB)	0.8	1.18	↓↓		—	—	—		—	—	—
2.23	Acetone	0.76	1.26	↑↑		0.56	1.26	↑↑	0.039	—	—	—
2.29	Acetoacetate	0.82	1.74	↑↑		0.62	1.74	↓↓		—	—	—	0.042
1.92	Acetate	0.86	2.59	↑↑	0.004	—	—	—		—	—	—
2.45	Carnitine	0.84	1.24	↓↓		—	—	—		0.52	1.33	↑↑
3.23	Taurine	—	—	—		0.48	3.11	↓		0.56	2.48	↓	0.025
2.14	Methionine	0.77	1.96	↓↓		—	—	—		—	—	—
3.20	Choline	0.81	2	↓↓		0.57	1.68	↑↑		0.69	2.29	↑↑
3.89	Betaine	0.8	4.95	↑↑		0.51	2.76	↑	0.039	0.54	3.8	↑
3.56	Glycine	0.64	2.79	↑↑	0.043	0.54	1.87	↑↑	<0.001	0.62	3.19	↑	<0.001
3.04	Creatine	0.66	2.63	↓↓		—	—	—		0.57	4.48	↑	0.018
0.99	Leucine	—	—	—		—	—	—		0.54	1.44	↑
1.02	Isoleucine	—	—	—		—	—	—		0.68	1.86	↑↑	0.044
1.04	Valine	0.69	1.65	↑↑		0.47	2.01	↓		—	—	—
2.04	N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (Nac)	0.69	2.31	↓↓		—	—	—		—	—	—

Metabolites shift correspond to signals clearly distinguished in the loadings profile (not necessarily representing complete spin systems); VIP list produced by OPLS-DA; Increased or decreased when comparing to control (W0), ↓ or ↑, , ↓↓ or ↑↑ ; values, when comparing to control (W0).