Plasma Levels of Pentosidine, Carboxymethyl-Lysine, Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products, and Metabolic Syndrome: The Metformin Effect
Table 1
Clinical and anthropometric parameters of control subjects and patients with MetS.
Characteristic
Control subjects
Patients
Sex (M/F)
(41/39)
(40/46)
NS
Age (years)
57 ± 11
59 ± 12
NS
Waist circumference (cm)
84.5 ± 5.4
109.8 ± 13.4
<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
20.8 ± 1.5
33.3 ± 8.6
<0.001
Diabetes, (%)
0 (0)
74 (86)
—
Hypertension, (%)
0 (0)
60 (69.8)
—
Dyslipidemia, (%)
0 (0)
29 (33.7)
—
Glucose (mmol/L)
4.68 ± 0.5
12.8 ± 6.5
<0.001
HbA1c (%)
5.1 ± 0.31
9.6 ± 2.3
<0.001
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
0.89 (0.62–1.2)
1.72 (1.39–2.51)
<0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
3.15 (0.88–4.94)
5 (3.67–5.47)
<0.01
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
1.2 ± 0.2
1.04 ± 0.2
<0.01
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
2.67 (1.99–3.65)
2.8 (2.2–3.6)
NS
SBP (mmHg)
130
133.9 ± 17
NS
DBP (mmHg)
80
72 ± 8
<0.001
Lipid-lowering drugs, (%)
0 (0)
22 (25.6)
—
ACE inhibitors, (%)
0 (0)
33 (38.4)
—
ARBs, (%)
0 (0)
11 (12.8)
—
Diuretics, (%)
0 (0)
16 (18.6)
—
Calcium channel blockers, (%)
0 (0)
26 (30.2)
—
Insulin, (%)
0 (0)
38 (44.2)
—
Metformin, (%)
0 (0)
55 (64)
—
Values are mean ± standard deviation or median (25%–75%) percentiles; MetS: metabolic syndrome; BMI: body mass index; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; NS: not significant.
