Insulin Resistance in Adipose Tissue but Not in Liver Is Associated with Aortic Valve Calcification

Table 4

Unadjusted and multivariate adjusted associations of HOMA-IR and Adipo-IR indices with CAC > 0 and AVC > 0.

		Unadjusted	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	HOMA-IR
CAC > 0	Q1	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
	Q2	1.03 (0.71–1.51)	0.83 (0.53–1.29)	0.88 (0.53–1.43)	0.79 (0.47–1.32)
	Q3	1.20 (0.83–1.75)	1.031 (0.66–1.62)	1.17 (0.70–1.96)	0.78 (0.45–1.33)
	Q4	1.64 (1.14–2.36)	1.34 (0.85–2.12)	0.79 (0.49–1.28)	0.92 (0.51–1.67)
AVC > 0	Q1	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
	Q2	1.51 (0.96–2.37)	1.29 (0.79–2.13)	1.09 (0.63–1.89)	1.01 (0.57–1.80 )
	Q3	1.52 (0.96–2.38)	1.34 (0.80–2.22)	1.17 (0.67–2.07)	0.97 (0.53–1.78)
	Q4	2.50 (1.63–3.81)	2.04 (1.22–3.39)	1.64 (0.93–2.92)	1.38 (0.72–2.52)
	Adipo-IR
CAC > 0	Q1	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
	Q2	1.09 (0.75–1.61)	0.90 (0.58–1.39)	0.82 (0.51–1.32)	0.64 (0.39–1.07)
	Q3	1.45 (1.01–2.10)	1.21 (0.78–1.86)	0.96 (0.60–1.55)	0.92 (0.55–1.53)
	Q4	1.49 (1.03–2.15)	1.22 (0.77–1.94)	1.01 (0.61–1.68)	0.94 (0.54–1.61)
AVC > 0	Q1	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
	Q2	1.74 (1.105–2.75)	1.52 (0.92–2.50)	1.60 (0.93–2.80)	1.55 (0.87–2.76)
	Q3	1.69 (1.06–2.66)	1.36 (0.82–2.26)	1.24 (0.70–2.19)	1.20 (0.65–2.19)
	Q4	2.75 (1.78–4.26)	2.38 (1.42–3.98)	2.19 (1.22–3.93)	2.18 (1.18–4.09)

Model 1: Adjusted for age, gender, and BMI.
Model 2: Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, current smoking, physical activity index, statin use, SBP, DBP, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, and eGFR.
Model 3: Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, current smoking, physical activity index, statin use, SBP, DBP, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, eGFR, hs C-reactive protein, adiponectin, type 2 diabetes, and visceral adipose tissue.
Odds ratios (95% CI) for CAC > 0 or AVC > 0 in participants stratified by HOMA-IR or Adipo-IR quartiles (Q). Bold numbers: .
HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; Adipo-IR: adipose tissue insulin resistance; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.