Research Article
Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as a Predictor of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy Progression: A Retrospective Study
Table 3
Comparison of the clinical characteristics with respect to disease progression.
| | Variable () | Nonprogression () | Progression () | value |
| | Age (years) | 59.2 ± 13.0 | 62.6 ± 14.5 | 0.527 | | Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 4 (14.8%) | 2 (25.0%) | 0.420 | | Hypertension, n (%) | 12 (44.4%) | 6 (75.0%) | 0.132 | | ACEi or ARB, n (%) | 21 (77.8%) | 6 (75.0%) | 0.604 | | Serum albumin (g/dl) | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 0.788 | | Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.95 ± 0.41 | 1.39 ± 0.69 | 0.116 | | eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 89.5 ± 25.9 | 63.9 ± 30.4 | 0.024 | | Slope of ΔeGFR during 6 months | 0.003 ± 0.041 | −0.059 ± 0.1096 | 0.156 | | UPCR (g/g Cr) | 3.8 ± 3.9 | 6.7 ± 4.6 | 0.089 | | Serum GDF-15 (ng/ml) | 1.54 ± 0.73 | 2.36 ± 0.53 | 0.006 | | Serum PLA2R Ab (ng/ml) | 2.49 ± 1.07 | 3.61 ± 0.98 | 0.013 | | Glomerular sclerosis (%) | 19.2 ± 19.8 | 24.5 ± 29.4 | 0.553 | | IF/TA (%) | 10.4 ± 6.6 | 18.1 ± 9.6 | 0.013 | | Glomerular sclerosis (≥25%), n (%) | 8 (34.8%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0.618 | | IF/TA (≥15%), n (%) | 10 (37.0%) | 6 (75.0%) | 0.068 |
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DM: diabetes mellitus; HTN: hypertension; ACEi or ARB: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; slope of ΔeGFR: (final eGFR − initial eGFR)/6; UPCR: spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; GDF: growth differentiation factor; PLA2R Ab: phospholipase A2 receptor antibody; IF/TA: interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy.
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