Research Article
Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as a Predictor of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy Progression: A Retrospective Study
Table 4
Multivariate analysis for the occurrence of renal progression.
| | Factors | Univariate | Multivariate | | HR (95% CI) | value | HR (95% CI) | value |
| | Group 1 (reference) | 1.000 | | 1.000 | | | Group 2 | 5.896 (1.185–29.337) | 0.030 | 33.161 (1.341–820.034) | 0.032 | | Age (years) | 1.029 (0.965–1.097) | 0.383 | 0.976 (0.879–1.083) | 0.588 | | Male | 1.636 (0.329–8.126) | 0.547 | 0.679 (0.013–34.270) | 0.847 | | Diabetes mellitus | 0.721 (0.144–3.604) | 0.690 | 5.023 (0.093–272.503) | 0.428 | | Hypertension | 0.306 (0.062–1.519) | 0.148 | 0.059 (0.001–2.986) | 0.157 | | eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.974 (0.949–1.000) | 0.052 | 0.969 (0.915–1.027) | 0.233 | | Serum PLA2R Ab (≥2.77 ng/ml) | 9.876 (1.21–80.46) | 0.032 | 13.152 (0.884–195.703) | 0.055 | | UPCR (g/g Cr) | 1.152 (1.006–1.320) | 0.040 | 1.278 (0.945–1.727) | 0.111 | | IF/TA (%) | 1.091 (1.007–1.182) | 0.032 | 0.913 (0.768–1.086) | 0.304 | | Glomerular sclerosis (%) | 1.014 (0.985–1.044) | 0.343 | | | | ACEi or ARB | 0.785 (0.158–3.899) | 0.767 | | |
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GDF: growth differentiation factor; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; PLA2R Ab: phospholipase A2 receptor antibody; UPCR: spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; IF/TA: interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy; ACEi: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.
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