| | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P |
| | Range of 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 13.93–33.56 | 33.57–40.11 | 40.12–46.38 | 46.39–80.30 | — | | n | 122 | 123 | 123 | 122 | — | | Percent women n (%) | 88 (72.1) | 79 (64.2) | 80 (65.0) | 63 (51.6) | 0.010 | | Age (years) | 44.8 ± 12.8 | 45.2 ± 13.8 | 45.6 ± 13.5 | 47.8 ± 13.8 | 0.311 | | Current smoking n (%) | 20 (16.4) | 28 (22.8) | 20 (16.3) | 25 (20.5) | 0.485 | | Drinking n (%) | 28 (23.0) | 38 (30.9) | 22 (17.9) | 36 (29.5) | 0.068 | | Leisure-time physical activity n (%) | 98 (80.3) | 115 (93.5) | 98 (79.7) | 96 (78.7) | 0.005 | | Family history of diabetes n (%) | 21 (17.2) | 16 (13.0) | 12 (9.8) | 17 (13.9) | 0.397 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 ± 3.2 | 22.8 ± 3.0 | 23.5 ± 3.2 | 23.2 ± 3.1 | 0.380 | | WHR | 0.85 ± 0.11 | 0.86 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.08 | 0.711 | | SBP (mmHg) | 120.4 ± 18.4 | 118.5 ± 19.99 | 115.1 ± 14.6 | 118.2 ± 17.9 | 0.145 | | DBP (mmHg) | 76.8 ± 10.2 | 75.9 ± 10.4 | 74.1 ± 8.7 | 76.2 ± 10.1 | 0.165 | | FPG (mmol/L) | 4.55 ± 0.56 | 4.62 ± 0.53 | 4.63 ± 0.49 | 4.63 ± 0.68 | 0.268 | | 0.5 h PG (mmol/L) | 7.51 ± 1.44 | 7.74 ± 1.76 | 7.49 ± 1.66 | 7.89 ± 1.69 | 0.158 | | 2 h PG (mmol/L) | 5.38 ± 1.16 | 5.52 ± 1.11 | 5.45 ± 1.13 | 5.44 ± 1.02 | 0.843 | | TG (mmol/L) | 1.23 (0.91, 1.68) | 1.12 (0.89, 1.58) | 1.17 (0.90, 1.67) | 1.12 (0.89, 1.76) | 0.842 | | TC (mmol/L) | 5.14 ± 0.96 | 4.95 ± 0.99 | 4.95 ± 0.88 | 4.92 ± 1.03 | 0.255 | | LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.04 ± 0.84 | 2.89 ± 0.79 | 2.95 ± 0.81 | 3.00 ± 0.92 | 0.515 | | HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.50 ± 0.35 | 1.47 ± 0.36 | 1.41 ± 0.32 | 1.36 ± 0.34 | 0.005 | | Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 7.04 (5.67, 8.65) | 6.79 (5.37, 8.79) | 6.65 (5.31, 8.60) | 6.71 (5.44, 8.68) | 0.425 | | 0.5 h insulin (μU/mL) | 34.22 (19.45, 50.41) | 29.74 (19.31, 44.19) | 30.66 (18.40, 53.34) | 34.70 (20.53, 57.95) | 0.720 | | 2 h insulin (μU/mL) | 25.89 (17.05, 40.32) | 27.26 (18.45, 41.98) | 23.88 (16.34, 42.92) | 24.02 (16.27, 38.52) | 0.672 | | HOMA-IR | 1.63 ± 1.06 | 1.53 ± 0.69 | 1.48 ± 0.55 | 1.51 ± 0.61 | 0.471 | | ISIcomp | 8.90 ± 3.46 | 9.39 ± 4.30 | 9.20 ± 3.31 | 9.06 ± 3.64 | 0.862 | | ΔI30/ΔG30 | 9.17 (4.67, 14.68) | 7.38 (4.36, 16.83) | 8.81 (4.10, 16.43) | 9.54 (4.34, 17.90) | 0.889 | | (ΔI30/ΔG30)/HOMA-IR | 6.04 (3.20, 11.14) | 5.68 (3.02, 12.32) | 6.49 (3.0, 13.90) | 6.88 (3.37, 11.76) | 0.835 |
|
|
Data is expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or percentage. 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Q: quartile; BMI: body mass index; WHR: waist/hip ratio; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index; ISIcomp: insulin sensitive index composite; ΔI30/ΔG30: the ratio of the incremental insulin to glucose responses over the first 30 min during the OGTT.
|
