Amino Acid-Based Metabolic Panel Provides Robust Prognostic Value Additive to B-Natriuretic Peptide and Traditional Risk Factors in Heart Failure
Table 5
Demographic and clinical baseline characteristics in different populations defined by the levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and HOP score.
LBLH
HBLH
LBHH
HBHH
()
()
()
()
Age (years)
59.8 ± 14.5
63.4 ± 13.7
58.5 ± 13.9
63.1 ± 12.2
0.26
Male (%)
151 (66.8)
56 (56.6)
66 (75.9)
56 (64.4)
0.049
LVEF (%)
36.9 ± 15.2
30.2 ± 12.9†
36.5 ± 16.4
28.5 ± 11.9†ϕ
<0.001
NYHA classification ≥III
216 (95.6)
99 (100)
86 (98.9)
85 (97.7)
0.06
Blood pressure (mm Hg)
Systolic
123.3 ± 16.9
121.6 ± 19.7
120.2 ± 19.7
122.1 ± 19.3
0.58
Diastolic
74.3 ± 13.1
73.4 ± 12.3
74.3 ± 12.2
74.8 ± 12.5
0.89
Heart rate, beats/min
77.0 ± 11.5
78.1 ± 13.5
77.9 ± 11.9
78.9 ± 11.9
0.63
Comorbidity
Diabetes mellitus (%)
98 (43.4)
40 (40.4)
32 (36.8)
32 (36.8)
0.62
Hypertension (%)
145 (64.2)
69 (69.7)
44 (50.6)
59 (67.8)
0.034
Atrial fibrillation (%)
80 (35.4)
27 (27.3)
41 (47.1)
21 (24.1)ϕ
0.005
COPD (%)
27 (11.9)
8 (8.1)
7 (8.0)
14 (16.1)
0.26
Ischemic (%)
95 (42.0)
51 (51.5)
25 (28.7)
52 (59.8)ϕ
<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2)
26.2 ± 5.5
23.2 ± 3.7†
27.9 ± 9.7
24.1 ± 3.9
<0.001
Laboratory data
Cholesterol (mg/dL)
178.6 ± 45.8
169.5 ± 48.3
160.3 ± 36.7†
175.3 ± 42.4
0.009
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
122.9 ± 68.1
115.5 ± 66.1
136.6.9 ± 129.7
124.9 ± 76.4
0.38
LDL-C (mg/dL)
113.6 ± 40.9
106.2 ± 41.7
101.0 ± 31.8
117.0 ± 31.8§
0.016
HDL-C (mg/dL)
41.4 ± 22.6
40.0 ± 15.1
35.2 ± 11.3
33.3 ± 11.5†
0.001
Serum sodium (mEq/L)
139.4 ± 3.2
139.2 ± 2.8
138.5 ± 3.6
137.7 ± 3.8†‡
<0.001
Hemoglobin (g/dL)
13.4 ± 2.0
13.0 ± 2.1
13.7 ± 2.3
12.6 ± 2.2ϕ
0.002
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)
1.0 ± 0.6
1.2 ± 0.9
1.3 ± 0.8
1.5 ± 1.0†
<0.001
Albumin (g/dL)
3.7 ± 0.5
3.5 ± 0.4
3.5 ± 0.5
3.2 ± 05†#ϕ
<0.001
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
77.4 ± 29.2
63.7 ± 25.2†
69.5 ± 21.4
58.6 ± 24.9†§
<0.001
HB and LB indicate high and low BNP (≥750 and <750 pg/mL, respectively). HH and LH indicate high and low HOP score (≥14 and <14, respectively). COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association. and †, compared to LBLH; ‡ and #, compared to HBLH; § and ϕ, compared to LBHH.
