Research Article
Plasma Neuregulin 4 Levels Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Table 2
Clinical and biochemical characteristics by quartile of plasma Nrg4 concentration in all nT2DM patients.
| | Covariate | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | value | | Sample size | 77 | 78 | 79 | 77 |
| | Nrg4 (ng/ml) | 1.49 ± 0.31 | 2.30 ± 0.24 | 3.38 ± 0.38 | 5.99 ± 1.69 | <0.001 | | Male/female | 41/36 | 37/41 | 33/46 | 37/40 | 0.560 | | Age (years) | 53.45 ± 9.61 | 52.56 ± 10.75 | 52.85 ± 10.52 | 55.95 ± 9.11 | 0.142 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 26.09 ± 3.73 | 24.89 ± 3.70 | 24.98 ± 3.59 | 24.61 ± 3.23 | 0.054 | | BF% (%) | 29.91 ± 5.39 | 28.61 ± 5.92 | 28.57 ± 5.11 | 28.68 ± 4.76 | 0.333 | | SBP (mmHg) | 126.03 ± 15.36 | 127.37 ± 14.88 | 125.66 ± 14.56 | 126.52 ± 13.25 | 0.894 | | DBP (mmHg) | 75.09 ± 10.89 | 75.09 ± 9.01 | 73.85 ± 8.87 | 74.08 ± 8.64 | 0.766 | | FPG (mmol/l) | 10.48 ± 3.85 | 11.18 ± 3.95 | 10.38 ± 3.57 | 10.44 ± 3.37 | 0.496 | | 2hPG (mmol/l) | 18.29 ± 8.37 | 18.81 ± 7.40 | 17.41 ± 5.98 | 17.75 ± 5.69 | 0.605 | | HbA1c (%) | 8.90 ± 2.24 | 9.67 ± 2.53 | 9.24 ± 2.13 | 9.61 ± 2.56 | 0.244 | | TC (mmol/l) | 4.51 ± 1.37 | 4.43 ± 1.29 | 4.81 ± 1.76 | 4.52 ± 1.01 | 0.503 | | TG (mmol/l) | 2.56 ± 2.48 | 2.47 ± 2.07 | 1.95 ± 1.49 | 1.76 ± 1.27 | 0.006 | | HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.02 ± 0.31 | 1.12 ± 0.38 | 1.17 ± 0.36 | 1.22 ± 0.34 | 0.005 | | LDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.70 ± 0.86 | 2.50 ± 0.88 | 2.89 ± 1.08 | 1.22 ± 0.34 | 0.124 | | apoA (g/l) | 1.36 ± 0.28 | 1.38 ± 0.25 | 1.48 ± 0.34 | 1.51 ± 0.31 | 0.020 | | apoB (g/l) | 0.92 ± 0.26 | 0.91 ± 0.27 | 0.93 ± 0.31 | 0.91 ± 0.24 | 0.979 | | ALT (U/l) | 24.50 ± 16.06 | 24.54 ± 13.07 | 24.35 ± 13.93 | 22.09 ± 11.77 | 0.551 | | AST (U/l) | 23.26 ± 14.92 | 21.42 ± 8.91 | 22.93 ± 12.61 | 20.60 ± 9.16 | 0.555 | | GGT (U/l) | 42.82 ± 9.55 | 45.13 ± 5.83 | 39.72 ± 4.55 | 26.80 ± 3.12 | 0.013 | | ALP (U/l) | 86.55 ± 44.65 | 85.85 ± 47.29 | 88.42 ± 38.42 | 81.43 ± 32.54 | 0.563 | | WBC (×109/l) | 7.46 ± 2.17 | 7.19 ± 3.07 | 6.47 ± 1.74 | 6.59 ± 1.78 | 0.018 | | Neutrophil (×109/l) | 5.04 ± 1.96 | 5.03 ± 2.98 | 4.30 ± 1.60 | 4.50 ± 1.54 | 0.065 | | Lymphocyte (×109/l) | 1.69 ± 0.61 | 1.53 ± 0.57 | 1.65 ± 0.53 | 1.55 ± 0.57 | 0.240 | | NLR | 3.81 ± 0.44 | 4.04 ± 0.57 | 3.06 ± 0.23 | 3.29 ± 0.20 | 0.096 | | hs-CRP (mg/l) | 12.64 ± 1.98 | 6.68 ± 2.07 | 3.55 ± 0.88 | 1.94 ± 0.54 | <0.001 | | FIns (μU/ml) | 9.75 ± 5.69 | 11.46 ± 7.94 | 8.89 ± 5.83 | 9.64 ± 5.74 | 0.175 | | HOMA-IR | 4.44 ± 3.06 | 5.71 ± 4.54 | 4.15 ± 3.24 | 4.33 ± 2.68 | 0.113 | | HOMA-IS | 42.64 ± 5.50 | 38.50 ± 3.89 | 34.47 ± 4.27 | 38.49 ± 4.32 | 0.755 | | TyG index | 5.17 ± 0.47 | 5.21 ± 0.43 | 5.12 ± 0.48 | 5.05 ± 0.38 | 0.124 | | apoB/apoA | 0.70 ± 0.24 | 0.68 ± 0.22 | 0.66 ± 0.24 | 0.63 ± 0.20 | 0.273 | | MetS, n (%) | 55 (71.43) | 46 (58.97) | 43 (43.04) | 34 (44.16) | 0.007 | | Components of MetS | | | | | | | Overweight or obesity, n (%) | 43 (55.84) | 35 (44.87) | 40 (36.71) | 29 (37.66) | 0.130 | | Hypertension, n (%) | 16 (20.78) | 14 (17.95) | 11 (13.92) | 11 (14.29) | 0.623 | | Elevated TG, n (%) | 41 (53.25) | 39 (50) | 34 (34.18) | 27 (35.06) | 0.109 | | Decreased HDL-C, n (%) | 31 (40.26) | 24 (30.77) | 20 (20.25) | 16 (20.78) | 0.050 |
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∗P < 0.05, , versus quartile 1 group. |
