Investigating Pathogenic and Hepatocarcinogenic Mechanisms from Normal Liver to HCC by Constructing Genetic and Epigenetic Networks via Big Genetic and Epigenetic Data Mining and Genome-Wide NGS Data Identification

Figure 3

Signaling pathways for investigating cellular mechanisms of progression for pathogenesis from normal to PBC&PSC. The orange dotted lines and the blue dash-dotted lines represent the specific edges of the real GENs, including PPINs and GRNs, in normal and PBC&PSC, respectively; the green solid lines denote the common edges between normal and PBC&PSC; the blue and black symbols indicate specific core members of the real GENs in normal and PBC&PSC, respectively; and the green symbols are the common core members between normal and PBC&PSC. In this figure, these core members are padded to complete the relevant signaling pathways for the convenience of analysis. The cytosolic proteins involved in the MAPK and the WNT pathways were highlighted by light-green and light-blue bands, respectively. Defect of autoimmune response via DNA hypomethylation contributes to the dysfunction of DNA repair and gives rise to PBC&PSC. Dysregulation of miR-21 and miR-122 contributes to the dysfunction of apoptosis and autoimmune in PBC&PSC, respectively.