Disease Markers

Research Article

Association between Serum Copeptin and Stroke in Rural Areas of Northern China: A Matched Case-Control Study

Table 1

Characteristics of cases of total stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke and their matched controls^a.


	Total stroke				Ischemic stroke				Hemorrhagic stroke
	Case ()	Control (9)	^b	OR (95% CI)^c	Case ()	Control ()	^b	OR (95% CI)^c	Case ()	Control ()	^b	OR (95% CI)^c

Age (years)	62 (53–69)	62 (53–69)	—	—	61 (52–70)	61 (52–70)	—	—	63 (56–68)	63 (56–68)	—	—
Gender (male; n, %)	146 (61.34%)	146 (61.34%)	—	—	56 (64.4%)	56 (64.4%)	—	—	17 (53.1%)	17 (53.1%)	—	—
BMI (kg/m²)	24.05 ± 3.85	24.84 ± 3.44	0.105	0.94 (0.88–1.01)	23.68 ± 3.74	25.02 ± 3.38	0.015	0.90 (0.82–0.98)	25.06 ± 4.03	24.37 ± 3.60	0.490	1.05 (0.92–1.19)
Personal history of hypertension (n, %)	92 (77.31%)	76 (63.87%)	0.014	2.23 (1.16–4.29)	68 (78.2%)	54 (62.1%)	0.016	2.40 (1.15–5.02)	24 (75.0%)	22 (68.8%)	0.480	1.67 (0.40–6.97)
Family history of stroke (n, %)	27 (22.69)	24 (20.17%)	0.631	1.17 (0.62–2.19)	18 (20.7%)	19 (21.8%)	0.847	0.93 (0.44–1.98)	9 (28.1%)	5 (15.6%)	0.248	2.00 (0.60–6.64)
Smoking (n, %)	65 (54.62%)	45 (37.82%)	0.002	2.82 (1.42–5.61)	53 (60.9%)	36 (41.4%)	0.003	3.13 (1.41–6.93)	12 (37.5%)	9 (28.1%)	0.317	2.00 (0.50–8.00)
Alcohol drinking (n, %)	39 (32.77%)	42 (35.29%)	0.622	0.85 (0.45–1.62)	30 (34.5%)	33 (37.9%)	0.564	0.80 (0.37–1.71)	9 (28.1%)	9 (28.1%)	1.000	1.00 (0.29–3.45)
Salt intake (≥180 g/month; n, %)	107 (88.92%)	104 (87.39%)	0.513	1.33 (0.56–3.16)	81 (93.1%)	78 (89.7%)	0.405	1.60 (0.52–4.89)	26 (81.3%)	26 (81.3%)	1.000	1.00 (0.25–4.00)
Pickle intake (times/day)			0.198				0.350				0.936
0	30 (25.21%)	35 (29.41%)	—	1.00 (reference)	22 (25.3%)	23 (26.4%)	—	1.00 (reference)	8 (25%)	12 (37.5%)	—	1.00 (reference)
1	23 (19.33%)	28 (23.53%)	—	0.79 (0.43–1.45)	17 (19.5%)	20 (23.0%)	—	0.83 (0.42–1.65)	6 (18.8%)	8 (25%)	—	0.67 (0.19–2.36)
2	7 (5.88%)	15 (12.61%)	—	0.39 (0.14–1.08)	4 (4.6%)	12 (13.8%)	—	0.27 (0.08–0.99)	3 (9.4%)	3 (9.4%)	—	1.00 (0.14–7.10)
3	59 (49.58%)	41 (34.45%)	—	1.78 (1.07–2.97)	44 (50.6%)	32 (36.8%)	—	1.63 (0.92–2.89)	15 (46.9%)	9 (28.1%)	—	2.50 (0.78–7.97)
TC (mmol/L)	5.24 (4.48–5.75)	5.08 (4.39–5.49)	0.168	1.22 (0.92–1.61)	5.30 (4.49–5.79)	5.08 (4.38–5.40)	0.122	1.38 (0.96–2.00)	5.21 (4.47–5.63)	5.26 (4.48–5.86)	0.758	0.94 (0.75–1.18)
TG (mmol/L)	1.50 (1.02–2.38)	1.40 (0.98–2.07)	0.694	1.00 (0.82–1.20)	1.50 (1.03–2.42)	1.47 (1.01-2.11)	0.929	0.94 (0.75–1.18)	1.59 (1.07–2.35)	1.35 (0.97–1.96)	0.454	1.16 (0.79–1.68)
GLU (mmol/L)	5.00 (4.30–5.30)	4.60 (4.20–5.20)	0.107	1.15 (0.94–1.40)	5.07 (4.50–5.30)	4.70 (4.20–5.10)	0.196	1.16 (0.92–1.47)	4.80 (4.20–5.25)	4.55 (4.20–5.30)	0.388	1.11 (0.75–1.63)
Copeptin (pmol/L)	20.90 (8.65–37.40)	8.42 (5.45–15.33)	<0.001	1.02 (1.00-1.03)	20.90 (9.76–37.60)	9.55 (5.66–16.70)	<0.001	1.05 (1.02–1.08)	6.53 (4.94–9.47)	10.79 (7.28–28.87)	<0.001	0.92 (0.86–0.98)

^aAdjusted for age and gender at sample collection. ^bContinuous variables were compared by using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test; categorical variables were compared by using Mcnemar’s test and Bowker’s test. ^cThe ORs and 95% CIs were derived from conditional univariate logistic regression.