Research Article

Diagnosis and Prognosis of Sepsis Based on Use of Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors

Table 3

Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of 28 cytokines for diagnosis of sepsis.

BiomarkersAUCCut-offSensitivity(95% CI)Specificity(95% CI)PPV(95% CI)NPV(95% CI)Accuracy(95% CI)

IFN-α0.5311.07.5(5.8-9.1)98.8(98.1-99.4)86.2(40.5-62.7)51.6(40.5-62.7)53.2(44.7-61.5)
IFN-γ0.5561.011.3(9.3-13.2)100(99.9-100)100(99.9-100)0.10(3.4-16.8)19.3(12.6-26.1)
IL-1RA0.893581.680.1(77.6-82.5)92.5(90.8-94.1)91.4(84.2-98.5)82.2(73.8-90.7)86.3(80.5-92.1)
IL-1β0.5981.927.5(24.7-30.2)96.3(95.1-97.4)88.1(79.8-96.3)43.1(46.1-68.1)61.9(53.7-70.1)
IL-1α0.6721.447.4(44.3-50.4)87.5(85.4-89.5)79.1(68.7-89.5)62.4(51.7-73.2)67.4(59.5-75.3)
IL-20.5831.075.0(72.3-77.6)38.8(35.8-41.8)55.1(42.3-67.7)60.8(49.9-71.6)56.9(48.5-62.5)
IL-40.5561.011.3(9.3-13.2)100(99.9-100)100(99.9-100)52.9(41.9-64.1)55.6(47.2-64.1)
IL-50.5751.015.1(12.8-17.3)100(99.9-100)100(99.9-100)54.1(43.0-65.1)57.6(59.2-65.9)
IL-60.83040.867.5(64.5-70.4)95.5(94.2-96.8)93.7(87.6-99.9)74.6(64.9-84.2)81.5(74.9-88.1)
IL-70.7073.257.5(54.4-60.5)85.1(82.8-87.3)79.4(69.1-89.7)66.7(56.2-77.1)71.3(63.7-78.9)
IL-80.78111.271.3(68.4-74.1)81.3(78.8-83.7)79.2(68.8-89.6)73.9(64.1-83.4)76.3(69.1-83.4)
IL-90.5191.03.8(2.6-4.9)100(99.9-100)100(99.9-100)50.9(39.8-62.1)51.9(43.4-60.3)
IL-100.8201.065.1(62.1-68.1)97.5(96.5-98.5)96.3(91.4-100)73.6(63.8-83.4)81.3(74.7-87.9)
IL-120.5061.02.5(1.5-3.5)98.7(97.9-99.4)65.7(53.6-77.8)50.3(39.2-61.4)50.6(42.2-59.1)
IL-130.60610.521.3(18.7-23.8)100(99.9-100)100(99.9-100)55.9(44.9-66.9)60.6(52.4-68.8)
IL-150.51324.725.0(22.1-27.3)91.3(89.5-93.0)73.9(62.7-85.1)54.8(43.7-65.8)58.0(49.6-66.3)
IL-17A0.6412.1542.5(39.4-45.6)88.8(86.8-90.7)79.1(68.7-89.5)60.7(49.8-71.5)65.7(57.6-73.6)
IL-180.7461.053.8(50.7-56.8)92.5(90.8-94.1)87.7(79.4-96.1)66.7(56.2-77.1)73.1(65.6-80.6)
IL-210.6851.023.8(21.1-26.4)92.5(90.8-94.1)76.0(65.1-86.9)54.8(43.7-65.8)58.1(49.8-66.4)
IL-220.6151.028.7(25.8-31.5)93.8(92.3-95.2)82.2(72.4-91.9)56.8(45.8-67.8)61.2(53.0-69.4)
IL-230.6011.022.5(19.9-25.1)97.5(96.5-98.4)90.0(82.3-97.6)55.7(44.6-66.7)60.0(51.7-68.2)
IL-270.6131.023.8(21.1-26.4)98.7(97.9-99.4)94.8(89.1-100)56.4(45.4-67.4)61.2(53.0-69.4)
IL-310.5751.016.5(14.1-18.8)98.8(98.1-99.4)93.2(86.8-99.6)54.2(43.1-65.2)57.6(49.3-65.9)
LIF0.7606.178.8(76.2-81.3)62.5(59.4-65.5)67.7(55.8-79.6)74.7(65.0-84.2)70.6(62.9-78.3)
GM-CSF (CSF2)0.5191.03.8(2.6-4.9)100(99.0-100)100(99.0-100)50.9(39.8-62.0)51.9(43.5-60.3)
SCF (KITLG)0.72114.860.1(57.1-63.1)77.5(74.9-80.1)72.7(61.4-84.1)66.0(55.5-76.5)68.8(60.9-76.6)
TNF-α (LTA)0.5311.015.1(12.8-17.3)91.3(89.5-93.0)63.4(51.2-75.7)51.8(40.7-62.9)53.2(44.7-61.6)
TNF-β (LTB)0.5131.02.5(1.5-3.4)100(99.0-100)100(99.0-100)50.6(39.5-61.7)51.3(42.8-59.6)

AUC: area under receiver operating characteristic curve; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value: CI; confidence intervals; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; LIF: leukemia inhibitory factor; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; SCF: stem cell factor.