Effect of N(Epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine on Laboratory Parameters and Its Association with β^S Haplotype in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia

Table 2

Biochemical characteristics of individuals with SCA with or without HU treatment.

Biochemical variables	SCA-HU^+; , (25^th–75^th per)	SCA-HU^-; , (25^th–75^th per)	value
Glucose (fasting) (mg/dL)	78 (72–85)	71 (63–85)	0.089
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	129 (112–138)	127.5 (114.5–144)	0.637
HDL-C (mg/dL)	32 (26–45)	32.5 (28–42)	0.827
LDL-C (mg/dL)	71.6 (57.8–91.4)	74.2 (63.1–92.5)	0.479
VLDL-C (mg/dL)	14.2 (11.8–21.2)	16.6 (12.8–20)	0.381
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	71 (59–106)	83 (64–100)	0.381
ALT (U/L)	18 (14–25)	19.5 (41–57)	0.873
AST (U/L)	38 (30–48)	51.5 (41–57)	0.001
Serum iron (μg/dL)	99.6 (75.3–134.3)	74.15 (52.15–114.15)	0.065
Ferritin (ng/mL)	265.75 (126.9–571.35)	160.25 (122–266.65)	0.102
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.9 (1.23–3.7)	2.32 (1.53–3.67)	0.350
Direct bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.45 (0.32–0.59)	0.45 (0.40–0.52)	0.730
Indirect bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.29 (0.78–3.1)	1.8 (1.07–3.27)	0.239
Total protein (g/dL)	7.47 (6.89–8)	7.64 (7.03–7.83)	0.849
Albumin (g/dL)	4.4 (4–4.4)	4.4 (4.1–4.50)	0.582
Globulin (g/dL)	3.3 (2.6–3.8)	3.25 (2.5–3.55)	0.735
Urea (mg/dL)	19 (14–24)	17 (15–21)	0.468
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.47 (0.41–0.56)	0.39 (0.34–0.48)	0.004
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	4.07 (2.69–8.3)	3.62 (2.07–5.89)	0.246
LDH (U/L)	853 (715–1128)	1270 (1091–1612)	≤0.001
A/G ratio	1.3 (1.1–1.7)	1.30 (1.15–1.70)	0.754
AAT (mg/dL)	138.5 (119.5–159.5)	154.5 (118–174)	0.331
Nitric oxide (μM)	20.44 (15.85–22.72)	19.02 (14.11–25.29)	0.755

SCA-HU⁺: individuals with SCA with HU treatment; SCA-HU^-: individuals with SCA without HU treatment; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; VLDL-C: very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate transaminase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; A/G ratio: albumin/globulin ratio; AAT: alpha 1-antitrypsin; : number; : median; per: percentile. Mann-Whitney test.