Serum Exosomal miRNAs Are Associated with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Table 3

Target genes and pathways of miR-484, miR-425, and miR-96.

Cluster	Node ID in cluster	Pathways
		Pathway name and function	Mechanism
1	VEGFD, VEGFB, VEGFA, PDGFB, PDGFA, CUL7, CUL5, CUL4B, CUL4A, CUL3, CUL2, CUL1, CACUL1	Endocytosis; Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells; EGFR receptor signaling; Golgi-associated vesicle biogenesis; Signal transduction; Clathrin-derived vesicle budding	Mycobacterium can exploit the formation of new blood vessels to facilitate its dissemination via VEGF-related signaling pathways [36]. Upregulation of PEGF secreted by alveolar macrophages upon mycobacterium infection and in company with the EGFR signaling pathway manipulates host lipid metabolism [37].; Cullins (CUL) provide a scaffold for ubiquitin ligases (E3) involved in protein catabolism [38].
2	TGFBR1, TCF7, TCF4, PRKG1, MAN1A2, GNAI1, EDEM1, CTNNB1	TGF-β receptor signaling pathways; Adherents junction; Focal adhesion; Regulation of lipid metabolism; Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism	Regulation of the immune system; Mycobacterium dissemination; Metabolism and catabolism
3	SOS1, PANK3, IQGAP1, PRKCA, INPP4B, PIKFYVE, MAN2A1	N-Glycan biosynthesis; Proteasome degradation; Asparagine N-linked glycosylation; T-Cell receptor and costimulatory signaling; ErbB signaling pathway; Downstream signaling of activated FGFRs; VEGFA-VEGFR2 pathway	Metabolism and catabolism; Immune system regulation; New vessel formation
4	UBE2W, SMURF2, RYR2, PTEN, PLCZ1, MAN1A1, GRM1, GNAQ	Ubiquitination & proteasome degradation; Calcium signaling pathway; Class I MHC-mediated antigen processing & presentation; Gap junction; Inositol phosphate metabolism; Insulin secretion; Phosphatidylinositol signaling system; Phospholipid metabolism	Adaptive immune system; Antigen processing: Metabolism and catabolism
5	VEGFC, ST6GAL1, PRKCB, PLN, PIK3CD, PDGFD, ORAI3, OCRL, MAN2C1, MAN2B1, MAN2A2, LEF1, HERC3, EDEM2	Calcium signaling pathway; Focal adhesion; Asparagine N-linked glycosylation; Beta-catenin-independent WNT signaling; Downstream signaling events of B cell receptor (BCR); IL-3 signaling pathway; N-glycan antennae elongation in the medial/trans-Golg; Phosphatidylinositol signaling system; PI metabolism; Rap1 signaling pathway; Ras signaling pathway; Signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases	Metabolism and catabolism; Modulation of signaling pathways; Cytokines modulation

VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; CUL: cullin; TGFBR1: transforming growth factor beta receptor I; TCF7: transcription factor 7; TCF4: transcription factor 4; PRKG1: protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1; MAN1A2: mannosidase alpha class 1A member 2; GNAI1: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i); EDEM1: ER degradation enhancing alpha-mannosidase-like protein 1; CTNNB1: catenin beta1.