CSF-1 Overexpression Predicts Poor Prognosis in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas

Table 1

Correlation of CSF-1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics in upper tract urothelial carcinomas.

Variables	Item	Patient no. (%)	CSF-1				value
			Low		High
			No.	%	No.	%
Total		112 (100)	58	51.8	54	48.2
Stage	I/II	73 (65.2)	47	81.0	26	48.1	<0.001^a
	III/IV	39 (34.8)	11	19.0	28	51.9
Grade	Low	30 (26.8)	17	29.3	13	24.1	0.532^a
	High	82 (73.2)	41	70.7	41	75.9
Gender	Female	68 (60.7)	37	63.8	31	57.4	0.489^a
	Male	44 (39.3)	21	36.2	23	42.6
Age (years)	<65	42 (37.5)	17	29.3	25	46.3	0.068^a
	≥65	70 (62.5)	41	70.7	29	53.7
Tumor location	Ureter	47 (42.0)	25	43.1	22	40.7	0.300^a
	Renal pelvis	45 (40.2)	20	34.5	25	46.3
	Renal pelvis+ureter	20 (17.9)	13	22.4	7	13.0
Tumor side^c	Right	49 (44.5)	25	44.6	24	44.4	0.983^a
	Left	61 (55.5)	31	55.4	30	55.6
Lymphovascular invasion	Negative	89 (79.5)	48	82.8	41	75.9	0.371^a
	Positive	23 (20.5)	10	17.2	13	24.1
Distant metastasis	Negative	96 (85.7)	55	94.8	41	75.9	0.006^b
	Positive	16 (14.3)	3	5.2	13	24.1
Recurrence	Negative	62 (55.4)	40	69.0	22	40.7	0.003^a
	Positive	50 (44.6)	18	31.0	32	59.3
Cancer death	No	93 (83.0)	54	93.1	39	72.2	0.005^b
	Yes	19 (17.0)	4	6.9	15	27.8
Creatinine (mg/dl)	≤1.5	66 (58.9)	35	60.3	31	57.4	0.752^a
	>1.5	46 (41.1)	23	39.7	23	42.6

^aThe value was calculated by the chi-square test. ^bThe value was calculated by the Fisher’s exact test. ^cTumor side was not determined in a small portion of the patients.