Research Article
Severity of Vitamin D Deficiency Predicts Mortality in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Table 1
Patients’ characteristics and comparison of groups with three main stroke types.
| | All subjects () | Large vessel stroke () | Lacunar () | Embolic () |
| | Age (years) | | | | ,^^^ | | Gender (men/women) | 109/131 | 49/57 | 33/23 | 17/38 | | History of previous stroke (/%) | 42/17.5 | 15/14.1 | 9/16.1 | 15/27.3 | | Concomitant diseases | | Hypertension (/%) | 203/84.6 | 88/83.0 | 48/85.7 | 50/90.9 | | Coronary artery disease (/%) | 69/28.8 | 32/30.2 | 9/16.1 | 22/40.0 | | Valvular diseases (/%) | 24/10.0 | 10/9.4 | 5/8.9 | 9/16.4 | | Atrial fibrillation (AF) (/%) | 70/29.2 | 14/13.2 | 5/8.9 | 47/85.4,^^^ | | Antithrombotic agents in AF patients (/%) | 23/32.9 | 4/28.6 | 0 | 19/40.4 | | Symptomatic atherosclerosis (/%) | 101/42.1 | 52/49.1 | 19/33.9 | 23/41.8 | | Obesity (/%) | 44/18.3 | 19/17.9 | 11/19.6 | 12/21.8 | | Diabetes (/%) | 84/35.0 | 37/34.9 | 19/33.9 | 23/41.8 | | Hypercholesterolemia (/%) | 107/44.6 | 49/46.2 | 29/51.8 | 23/41.8 | | Statin therapy (/%) | 92/38.3 | 41/38.7 | 18/32.1 | 25/45.4 | | Active smokers (/%) | 45/18.7 | 23/21.7 | 17/30.4 | 5/9.1 | | The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale index (NIHSS-I) at admission | | | | | | Modified Rankin scale (mRS) at discharge (/%) | | 0-1 (no significant disability) | 85/26.7 | 40/37.7 | 26/46.4 | 12/21.8 | | 2 (mild disability) | 32/13.3 | 15/14.2 | 9/16.1 | 7/12.7 | | 3 (moderate disability) | 36/15.0 | 11/10.4 | 11/19.6 | 9/16.4 | | 4-5 (moderately severe and severe disability) | 63/26.2 | 31/29.2 | 7/12.5 | 20/36.4 | | 6 (death) | 24/10.0 | 9/8.5 | 3/5.4 | 7/12.7 | | One-year survival (/%) | 167/75.0 | 79/74.5 | 49/87.5 | 39/70.9 | | Two-year survival (/%) | 96/70.0 | 52/68.5 | 17/87.5 | 27/63.0 | | Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | | | | | | LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | | | | ,^^^ | | HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | | | | | | Triglycerides (mmol/L) | | | | | | Creatinine (μmol/L) | | N/A | N/A | N/A | | Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (mL/min/1. 73 m2) | | | | ^^ | | mL/min/1. 73 m2 (/%) | 86/35.8 | 31/29.2 | 20/35.7 | 29/52.7^^ | | C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L) | 4.2 (1.8-9.3) | 5.1 (2.0-9.5) | 3.3 (1.4-8.4) | 3.5 (1.7-8.1) | | Calcium (mg/dL) | | | | | | Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 1.11 (0.96–1.33) | 1.09 (0.95-1.32) | 1.22 (0.96-1.48) | 1.11 (0.97-1.28) | | Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (pg/mL) | 40.7 (26.7-56.4) | 39.0 (24.4-56.5) | 39.5 (21.7-63.0) | 42.2 (31.1-61.2) | | pg/mL (/%) | 48/20.0 | 19/17.9 | 14/25.0 | 12/21.8 | | Intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (iFGF23) (pg/mL) | 50.0 (17.6-85.4) | 52.1 (21.6-92.2) | 66.7 (23.9-84.4) | 42.4 (18.5-71.7) | | pg/mL (/%) | 120/50.0 | 54/50.9 | 34/60.7 | 25/45.5 | | 25-OH-D (ng/mL) | | | | | | ng/mL (/%) | 151/62.9 | 66/62.3 | 33/58.9 | 38/69.1 |
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; vs. lacunar stroke. ^^; ^^^ vs. large vessel stroke. |
