Vitamin D Deficiency Predicts Poor Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Table 1

Baseline characteristics.

Clinical variables	All patients ()	Surviving patients ()	Deceased patients ()	value
Age (years)	67 (60-73)	67 (60-71)	70 (62-74)	0.067
Gender (male)	81 (110)	76 (59)	88 (51)	0.078
BMI (kg/m^2)	27 (24-30)	27 (25-30)	27 (23-29)	0.196
Ischemic HF	57 (78)	53 (41)	64 (37)	0.201
LBBB	82 (112)	91 (71)	71 (41)	0.003
CRT-D	16 (22)	18 (14)	14 (8)	0.533
Opt. lead position	74 (100)	73 (57)	74 (43)	0.896
QRS (msec)	163 (141-184)	164 (141-184)	163 (144-185)	0.691
LVEF (%)	28 (23-33)	28 (23-32)	34 (25-40)	<0.001
LVESV (mL)	211 (154-276)	218 (160-276)	207 (141-268)	0.353
LVEDV (mL)	303 (251-361)	313 (251-382)	299 (242-343)	0.448
NYHA III- IV	86 (117)	86 (117)	91 (53)	0.138
Hypertension	56 (76)	55 (43)	57 (33)	0.054
Hyperlipidemia	24 (33)	22 (17)	28 (16)	0.423
Diabetes mellitus	37 (50)	33 (26)	41 (24)	0.339
ACEi/ARB	96 (130)	97 (76)	93 (54)	0.277
BB	90 (122)	95 (74)	83 (48)	0.022
MRI	71 (96)	74 (58)	65 (33)	0.258
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.43 (2.34-2.49)	2.43 (2.36-2.49)	2.41 (2.32-2.50)	0.922
NT-proBNP (pg/mL)	2612 (1377-5124)	2101 (1000-3555)	4035 (2125-6479)	<0.001
Sunlight (hours)	156 (67-241)	157 (102-241)	148 (66.7-221)	0.748

Data is expressed as median with interquartile range for continuous variables and as percentage with event numbers for categorical variables. BMI: body mass index; ischemic HF: ischemic etiology of the heart failure; LBBB: left bundle branch block; CRT-D: cardiac resynchronization therapy with implantable cardioverter defibrillator; Opt. lead position: lateral or posterolateral left ventricular lead position; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV: left ventricular end systolic volume; LVEDV: left ventricular end diastolic volume; NYHA III-IV: New York Heart Association classification 3-4; ACEi/ARB: angiotensin convertase inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker therapy; BB: beta blocker therapy; MRI: mineralocorticoid receptor inhibitor therapy; NT-proBNP: N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide, sunlight: cumulative duration of sunlight in the 30 days prior enrolment.