Research Article

Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections by Urine Flow Cytometry: Adjusted Cut-Off Values in Different Clinical Presentations

Table 4

Established high-sensitivity test with the use of an adapted 95 percent linear discrimination analysis equation (LDA95) and its validation. LDA95 equation: .

SubgroupLDA95-equat. coefficientsDiagnostic performance using the established cut-offs
Sensitivity (%) (95% CI)Specificity (%) (95% CI)LR(+)LR(-)

Sex
Male ()-4.621.289.1 (77.8, 95.9)76.0 (66.6, 83.8)3.710.14
Female ()-3.418.995.9 (88.5, 99.1)51.4 (39.4, 63.1)1.970.08
Age
>65 ()-20.486.889.6 (79.7, 95.7)70.7 (59.0, 80.6)3.050.15
≤65 ()-1.610.595.1 (86.3, 99.0)63.1 (53.0, 72.4)2.580.08
Dysuria
Yes ()-1.410.496.6 (82.2, 99.9)66.7 (46.0, 83.5)2.900.05
No ()-4.520.891.9 (84.7, 96.4)58.3 (50.0, 66.2)2.200.14
Urinary frequency
Yes ()-2.317.8100 (83.2, 100)66.7 (41.0, 86.7)3.00
No ()-4.219.790.7 (83.6, 95.5)62.5 (54.5, 70.0)2.420.15
Fever (>38.0°C)1
Yes ()-1.38.294.4 (81.3, 99.3)68.3 (55.0, 79.7)2.980.08
No ()-4.925.092.3 (84.8, 96.9)66.1 (56.8, 74.6)2.720.12
UTI-specific abdominal pain2
Yes ()-1.814.096.9 (83.8, 99.9)57.7 (36.9, 76.6)2.290.05
No ()-4.520.591.7 (84.2, 96.3)63.8 (55.6, 71.4)2.530.10
Diabetes
Yes ()-4.225.079.4 (62.1, 91.3)80.0 (64.4, 90.9)3.970.26
No ()-3.015.394.7 (88.0, 98.3)61.6 (52.9, 69.7)2.470.09
Renal insufficiency
Yes ()-2.413.087.8 (73.8, 95.9)67.3 (54.3, 95.9)2.680.18
No ()-3.921.093.1 (85.6, 97.4)69.9 (61.0, 77.9)3.100.10
Immunosuppression
Yes ()-1.06.597.3 (85.8, 99.9)64.4 (52.3, 75.3)2.730.04
No ()-5.931.291.2 (83.4, 96.1)67.6 (57.8, 76.4)2.820.13

1One patient in the validation set did not have sufficient data to determine if °C. 2This includes lower abdominal, suprapubic, and flank pain. Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; LDA: linear discrimination analysis; LR: likelihood ratio; UTI: urinary tract infection.