Ratio of Early Mitral Inflow Velocity to the Global Diastolic Strain Rate and Global Left Ventricular Longitudinal Systolic Strain Predict Overall Mortality and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hemodialysis Patients

Table 3

Associations of the E/E’sr ratio and GLS with overall mortality, CV mortality, and MACE using the Cox proportional hazards model.

	Overall mortality		CV mortality		MACE
	HR (95% CI)		HR (95% CI)		HR (95% CI)
E/E’sr ratio (per 10 cm)
Crude	1.191 (1.090–1.301)	<0.001	1.271 (1.135–1.423)	<0.001	1.188 (1.101–1.282)	<0.001
Age and sex adjusted	1.185 (1.074–1.308)	0.001	1.261 (1.112–1.429)	<0.001	1.175 (1.083–1.274)	<0.001
Model 1 adjusted	1.392 (1.147–1.690)	0.001	1.476 (1.068–2.040)	0.018	1.188 (1.029–1.372)	0.019
Model 2 adjusted	1.484 (1.201–1.834)	<0.001	1.584 (1.058–2.371)	0.025	1.205 (1.040–1.397)	0.013
GLS (per 1%)
Crude	1.127 (1.043–1.219)	0.003	1.202 (1.075–1.343)	0.001	1.174 (1.100–1.254)	<0.001
Age and sex adjusted	1.139 (1.046–1.239)	0.003	1.208 (1.072–1.360)	0.002	1.173 (1.095–1.255)	<0.001
Model 1 adjusted	1.266 (1.100–1.457)	0.001	1.312 (1.055–1.632)	0.015	1.212 (1.098–1.337)	<0.001
Model 2 adjusted	1.276 (1.101–1.480)	0.001	1.513 (1.088–2.104)	0.014	1.214 (1.103–1.337)	<0.001

CV: cardiovascular; MACE: major adverse cardiovascular events. Model 1 comprises age, sex, dialysis vintage, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, , baPWV, cardiothoracic ratio, AoAC, albumin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, hemoglobin, creatinine, calcium-phosphorous product, and hs-CRP. Model 2 comprises model 1 plus the use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs, beta-blockers, and statins.