A Low Ankle-Brachial Index and High Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity Are Associated with Poor Cognitive Function in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Table 1

Comparison of baseline characteristics in patients categorized by or ≥0.9.

Characteristics	All patients; ()	()	()
Age				0.011
Male gender (%)	55.9	57.9	48.3	0.352
Smoking history (%)	37.3	37.4	37.0	0.973
Diabetes mellitus (%)	42.5	36.4	66.7	0.005
Hypertension (%)	56.7	55.1	63.0	0.463
Coronary artery disease (%)	7.5	6.5	11.1	0.419
Cerebrovascular disease (%)	6.0	4.7	11.1	0.207
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)				0.016
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)				<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m^2)				0.734
ABI				<0.001
baPWV (cm/s)				0.164
Duration of hemodialysis (years)	7.5 (3.1-13.0)	7.8 (3.1-13.0)	5.9 (3.1-12.5)	0.650
Cause of end-stage renal disease				0.289
Hypertension (%)	5.9	5.6	6.9
Diabetes mellitus (%)	40.4	36.4	55.2
Glomerulonephritis (%)	49.3	53.3	34.5
Others (%)	4.4	4.7	3.4
Laboratory parameters
Albumin (g/dL)				0.216
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	124.5 (83-195.5)	120.5 (82.75-189.5)	138.5 (83.25-234.25)	0.277
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)				0.638
Hemoglobin (g/dL)				0.252
Creatinine (mg/dL)				0.606
CaXP product (mg^2/dL^2)				0.038
Dialysis dose (Kt/V)				0.775
Total net fluid loss (amount of ultrafiltration) (kg)				0.356
Cognitive function assessment
MoCA (score)				0.027
CASI (score)				0.056

Abbreviation: ABI: ankle-brachial index; baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; CaXP product: calcium × phosphorus product; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; CASI: Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument. Other causes of end-stage renal disease include polycystic kidney disease, tumor, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, and interstitial nephritis.