Association of Galectin-3 and Soluble ST2, and Their Changes, with Echocardiographic Parameters and Development of Heart Failure after ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Table 2
Association of baseline and follow-up quartiles of Gal-3 (a) and sST2 (b) concentrations with the primary endpoint and echocardiographic parameters.
(a)
Variable
Baseline Gal-3
value
Follow-up Gal-3
value
Quartiles
Quartiles
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Primary endpoint
New-onset HF at follow-up
0.0%; 0/2
39.1%; 18/46
43.3%; 13/30
73.1%; 19/26
0.01
27.3%; 6/22
50.0%; 11/22
52.2%; 12/23
63.6%; 14/22
0.02
Baseline echocardiography
LVEF (%)
44.5 (40.5-59.5);
48.0 (43.0-53.8);
50.0 (38.3-55.0);
45.0 (34.0-50.5);
0.09
49.0 (40.8-56.5);
49.0 (38.0-52.0);
48.0 (43.0-51.0);
45.0 (35.3-51.3);
0.26
Follow-up echocardiography
LVEF (%)
45.0 (45.0-45.0);
56.0 (49.0-58.0);
56.0 (45.0-60.8);
53.0 (44.0-55.0);
0.25
56.0 (51.0-60.3);
54.0 (46.3-56.5);
55.0 (46.0-58.0);
55.0 (40.0-60.0);
0.58
LVEDV (mL)
142.0 (142.0-142.0);
108.5 (92.5-129.0);
105.0 (81.3-126.5);
84.0 (75.5-120.0);
0.33
115.5 (91.3-138.0);
114.0 (94.0-133.8);
101.0 (80.0-117.0);
87.0 (77.0-116.0);
0.22
LVESV (mL)
78.0 (78.0-78.0);
48.5 (40.0-62.0);
42.5 (31.5-61.5);
40.5 (33.0-66.5);
0.76
50.5 (35.5-73.5);
54.5 (38.0-77.0);
45.0 (30.0-62.0);
39.5 (32.8-63.0);
0.70
LVH
0.0%; 0/1
35.0%; 14/40
44.0%; 11/25
64.7%; 11/17
0.04
28.6%; 6/21
47.4%; 9/19
47.4%; 9/19
47.1%; 8/17
0.23
E/E med
12.0 (12.0-12.0);
10.7 (8.6-12.6);
9.0 (8.0-11.9);
10.0 (8.2-15.3);
0.54
8.5 (10.0-11.9);
10.8 (9.2-13.4);
9.7 (8.3-12.7);
9.4 (7.9-12.6);
0.80
E/E lat
8.1 (8.1-8.1);
8.0 (7.0-10.3);
8.5 (6.2-11.4);
8.8 (6.7-10.9);
0.97
7.3 (6.9-9.6);
9.0 (7.0-12.0);
8.8 (6.5-11.5);
8.4 (6.7-10.4);
0.44
(b)
Variable
Baseline sST2
value
Follow-up sST2
value
Quartiles
Quartiles
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Primary endpoint
New-onset HF at follow-up
22.7%; 5/22
64.0%; 16/25
44.4%; 20/45
75.0%; 9/12
0.004
42.9%; 9/21
34.8%; 8/23
52.2%; 12/23
63.6%; 14/22
0.06
Baseline echocardiography
LVEF (%)
50.0 (41.0-54.5);
47.0 (41.5-52.0);
48.5 (42.0-52.3);
44.0 (32.0-46.0);
0.04
49.0 (40.5-55.0);
48.0 (39.0-52.0);
48.0 (41.0-54.0);
46.5 (43.0-50.0);
0.75
Follow-up echocardiography
LVEF (%)
56.0 (45.0-60.0);
56.0 (46.8-56.0);
55.0 (51.0-58.0);
48.0 (35.0-55.0);
0.047
56.0 (44.5-58.0);
55.0 (42.0-60.0);
55.0 (45.0-57.0);
56.0 (49.0-59.3);
0.80
LVEDV (mL)
98.0 (73.0-127.0);
95.0 (81.5-119.0);
111.5 (93.5-138.0);
117.0 (72.5-139.0);
0.58
110.0 (68.5-133.0);
109.5 (86.8-132.3);
101.0 (85.5-142.0);
101.0 (84.0-123.5);
0.82
LVESV (mL)
40.0 (28.0-60.0);
42.0 (34.5-53.5);
49.5 (42.0-65.0);
65.0 (33.0-89.0);
0.23
48.0 (28.0-71.5);
47.0 (35.8-75.8);
45.0 (32.5-82.5);
45.0 (32.5-62.0);
0.71
LVH
14.3%; 2/14
55.0%; 11/20
43.6%; 17/39
60.0%; 6/10
0.02
35.3%; 6/17
42.1%; 8/19
47.6%; 10/21
42.1%; 8/19
0.45
E/E med
10.8 (7.8-12.6);
10.7 (9.0-15.0);
10.0 (8.2-12.1);
9.1 (8.0-14.1);
0.22
12.0 (9.7-13.5);
9.0 (7.8-10.7);
10.0 (8.0-11.7);
10.9 (8.4-15.3);
0.03
E/E lat
8.5 (6.6-8.5);
9.0 (7.2-11.6);
7.6 (6.3-10.0);
8.4 (6.7-13.5);
0.33
8.9 (7.0-10.5);
7.3 (6.1-10.1);
8.5 (7.0-10.0);
9.1 (6.8-12.8);
0.13
Bold values indicate values < 0.05. values derived from statistical tests of equal means (or proportions) across quartiles using analysis of variance for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical characteristics. LVH was based on left ventricular mass index (LVMI): for female, for male. E/E med: early mitral inflow divided by medial early diastolic mitral annular velocity; E/E lat: early mitral inflow divided by lateral early diastolic mitral annular velocity; Gal-3: galectin-3; HF: heart failure; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; sST2: soluble interleukin-1 receptor-like 1.
