Noninvasive Biomarkers of Gut Barrier Function in Patients Suffering from Diarrhea Predominant-IBS: An Update

Table 2

Intestinal permeability (IP) measured with the La/Ma ratio identifies two subtypes of IBS-D patients.

Author	Year	IBS-D patients/controls	IP of IBS-D patients (% above normal)	Cut-off La/Ma	Comments	Ref
Linsalata	2018	39/20	46%	0.035	Increased levels of I-FABP, DAO, IL-6, and LPS	29
Zhou	2009	54/22	39%	0.07	Higher M-VAS pain intensity reading scale and higher FBDSI score	70
Zhou	2010	19/10	42%	0.07	Decreased glutamine synthetase expression, increased miR-29a expression	71
Li	2016	40/10	47%	0.025	Higher claudin-4 expression, 185 genes differentially expressed, worse psychological effects, and quality of life	72
Russo	2018	34/17	44%	0.035	Higher IL-6, lower GSRS cluster pain, and diarrhea profile	73

IBS-D: irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea; IP: intestinal permeability; La/Ma: lactulose to mannitol; I-FABP: intestinal fatty acid-binding protein; DAO: diamine oxidase; IL-6: interleukin-6; LPS: lipopolysaccharides; FBD: Functional Bowel Disorder; VAS: Visual Analogue Score; GSRS: Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Score.