Sex-Specific Associations of Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Zonulin with Signs of Depression in Carbohydrate Malabsorbers and Nonmalabsorbers

Table 2

Sex-specific correlations of TMAO and zonulin with the BDI-II score in individuals with and without CMA.

	Study population ()	CMA ()	CMA ()	CMA ()	Non-CMA ()	Non-CMA ()	Non-CMA ()
	TMAO	TMAO	TMAO	TMAO	TMAO	TMAO	TMAO
BDI-II score	0.160^a	0.040	0.009	0.128	0.277	0.274	0.315
	0.011^b,	0.671	0.941	0.417	0.001	0.010	0.027
	Zonulin	Zonulin	Zonulin	Zonulin	Zonulin	Zonulin	Zonulin
BDI-II score	0.012	0.035	0.029	0.043	0.037	0.191	- 0.269
	0.854	0.712	0.810	0.785	0.666	0.077	0.062

BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory; CMA: carbohydrate malabsorption; TMAO: trimethylamine-N-oxide. Spearman’s correlation analysis was calculated. ^aSpearman’s rho (); ^b value. A value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.