Disease Markers / 2020 / Article / Tab 4 / Review Article
Exosomes in Nephropathies: A Rich Source of Novel Biomarkers Table 4 Urinary exosomal biomarkers associated with injury localized to a specific cellular or subcellular component of the nephron patients (pts)/control (ctr).
Condition Potential exosomal biomarker Study subjects Reference Podocyte injury In diabetic nephropathy Elf3 protein ↑ 50 pts-5 ctrs [48 ] WT1, podocin, Actn4, CD2AP, and nephrin mRNA ↑ 20 pts-5 ctrs [49 ] In minimal change nephrotic syndrome Podocin, Actn4, CD2AP, and nephrin mRNA ↑ In metabolic syndrome-related kidney disease Podocyte-derived exosomes (nephrin+/podocalyxin+) ↑ 16 pts-15 ctrs [43 ] In CKD miR-21 ↑ 41 pts-5 ctrs [44 ] In cellular crescent formation SFP1 ↑ 37 pts [69 ] In renovascular hypertension Podocyte-derived exosomes (nephrin+/podocalyxin+) ↑ 31 pts-45 ctrs [60 ] In lupus nephritis miR-29c ↓ 24 pts-8 ctrs; mice [75 ] In IgA nephropathy In focal segmental glomerulosclerosis WT-1 ↑ 25 pts-5 ctrs [68 ] Proximal tubular injury In decompensated cirrhosis Maltase glucoamylase ↑ 24 pts [63 ] Renal fibrosis In CKD Nonproximal tubule-derived miR-200b ↑ 38 pts [45 ] miR-29c ↓ 32 pts-7 and ctrs [46 ] CD2AP mRNA ↓ 32 pts-7 ctrs [47 ] In lupus nephritis miR-29c ↓ 47pts-20 ctrs [82 ] Peritubular capillary loss In hypertension Endothelial-derived EVs (PL-VAP+/CD31+/CD144+) ↑ 38 pts-14 ctrs [59 ] Mitochondrial dysfunction In diabetic nephropathy 12 mitochondria-specific metabolites ↓ 149 pts-23 ctrs [50 ]